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@ARTICLE{Kaufmann:622961,
      author       = {Kaufmann, Florian and Schrauder, Julian and Hummel, Marc
                      and Spurk, Christoph and Olowinsky, Alexander and Beckmann,
                      Felix and Moosmann, Julian and Roth, Stephan and Schmidt,
                      Michael},
      title        = {{T}owards an {U}nderstanding of the {C}hallenges in {L}aser
                      {B}eam {W}elding of {C}opper – {O}bservation of the
                      {L}aser-{M}atter {I}nteraction {Z}one in {L}aser {B}eam
                      {W}elding of {C}opper and {S}teel {U}sing in {S}itu
                      {S}ynchrotron {X}-{R}ay {I}maging},
      journal      = {Lasers in manufacturing and materials processing},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2196-7229},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-00597},
      pages        = {37 - 76},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The increasing demand for contacting applications in
                      electric components such as batteries, power electronics and
                      electric drives is boosting the use of laser-based copper
                      processing. Laser beam welding is a key for an efficient and
                      high-quality electric vehicle production due to its local,
                      non-contact energy input and high automation capability
                      enabling reproducible weld quality. Nevertheless, a major
                      challenge in process design is the combination of
                      energy-efficiency and precise process guidance with regard
                      to weld seam depth and defect prevention (i.e. spatter, melt
                      ejections), partly caused by the high thermal conductivity
                      of copper. High power lasers in the near infrared range and
                      emerging visible laser beam sources with excellent beam
                      quality can provide a suitable joining solution for this
                      purpose. However, the underlying physical phenomena are
                      currently only partly understood and a reflection on the
                      challenges of laser beam welding of copper compared to well
                      researched steel processing has not yet been carried out. In
                      order to improve the understanding of the effect of the
                      different material properties and the influence of process
                      parameters on the vapor capillary and melt pool geometry in
                      laser beam welding, in situ synchrotron investigations on
                      Cu-ETP and S235 using 515 and 1030 nm laser sources were
                      conducted. The material phase contrast analysis was
                      successfully used to distinguish vapor capillary and melt
                      pool phase boundaries during the welding process with high
                      spatial and temporal resolution up to 5 kHz. A significantly
                      different vapor capillary geometry and sensitivity to
                      parameter variation were found between the steel and copper
                      material. In addition, the visualization of characteristic
                      melt flows revealed different melt pool dynamics and a
                      pronounced eddy close to the melt pool surface for copper,
                      which is assumed to be causal for the observation of
                      pronounced spatter formation during copper welding in a
                      certain process window.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / Hereon},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)434946896 - FOR 5134: Erstarrungsrisse beim
                      Laserstrahlschweißen: Hochleistungsrechnen für
                      Hochleistungsprozesse (434946896) / SFB 1120 A13 -
                      Vereinheitlichte partikelbasierte Simulation von
                      Schmelzströmungen und Erstarrungsprozessen unter
                      Berücksichtigung von thermoelasto-viskoplastischem
                      Festkörperverhalten zur Erhöhung der Präzision (A13*)
                      (504046910) / FS-Proposal: I-20210713 (I-20210713)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(GEPRIS)434946896 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)504046910 / G:(DE-H253)I-20210713},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001503058600009},
      doi          = {10.1007/s40516-023-00225-6},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/622961},
}