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@ARTICLE{Spurk:622957,
      author       = {Spurk, Christoph and Dietrich, Frederik and
                      Brüggenjürgen, Jan and Hummel, Marc and Häusler, André
                      and Olowinsky, Alexander and Gillner, Arnold and Beckmann,
                      Felix and Moosmann, Julian},
      title        = {{A}nalysis of laser beam welding with superimposed 445 and
                      1070 nm wavelength lasers on copper by in situ synchrotron
                      diagnostics},
      journal      = {Journal of laser applications},
      volume       = {36},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1042-346X},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Laser Inst. of America},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-00593},
      pages        = {042002},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {In laser welding, precision and reproducibility are
                      fundamentally dependent on temporal and spatial processes of
                      energy input. Induced by the dynamics of the melt pool,
                      pressure equilibria in the vapor capillary, and
                      solidification behavior, different weld seam qualities are
                      achieved. To obtain the lowest possible defect frequency,
                      new tailored joining strategies need to be investigated
                      using multibeam and multiwavelength approaches. To improve
                      the quality by influencing the process dynamics, a dual-beam
                      approach is investigated that superimposes a stationary
                      laser beam with a wavelength of 445 nm with a spatially
                      modulated laser beam with a wavelength of 1070 nm. The aim
                      is to utilize ∼10 times higher absorption of a 445 nm
                      diode laser on copper with the high focusability of a
                      1070 nm fiber laser. In this context, the influence of the
                      relative positions of the two beams to each other on the
                      weld seam quality is investigated, while one of the beams
                      moves either in front, behind, or coaxial to the other beam
                      following the path of a line weld. The main objective is to
                      observe how the laser beams influence each other and how the
                      capillary depth and porosity vary for different parameters.
                      To visualize the process dynamics, the welding experiments
                      on copper are performed at the Deutsches
                      Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY by means of in situ phase
                      contrast videography. Quality-determining weld properties
                      like the distribution of pores or process fluctuations are
                      then extracted automatically from the image sequences by
                      means of a trained neuronal network.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / Hereon},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)236616214 - SFB 1120: Bauteilpräzision durch
                      Beherrschung von Schmelze und Erstarrung in
                      Produktionsprozessen (236616214) / FS-Proposal: BAG-20211050
                      (BAG-20211050)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(GEPRIS)236616214 /
                      G:(DE-H253)BAG-20211050},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001304251500001},
      doi          = {10.2351/7.0001598},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/622957},
}