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@ARTICLE{Kubullek:622659,
      author       = {Kubullek, Maximilian and Silva Toledo, Miguel Angel and
                      Mainz, Roland E. and Scheiba, Fabian and de Q. Garcia,
                      Rafael and Ritzkowsky, Felix and Rossi, Giulio Maria and
                      Kärtner, Franz X.},
      title        = {{C}omplete electric field characterization of ultrashort
                      multi-colour pulses},
      journal      = {Ultrafast science},
      volume       = {5},
      issn         = {2097-0331},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science, AAAS},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-00454},
      pages        = {0081},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The advancement of laser technology, producing increasingly
                      shorter and more intricate optical pulses, has elevated the
                      significance of precise characterization of a transient
                      electric field, including the carrier-envelope phase. This
                      characterization must cover progressively larger spectral
                      bands and be performed as close as possible to the
                      experimental site to enable a detailed understanding of the
                      coherent light–matter interaction. Furthermore, in many
                      experiments, two (or more) different ultrashort pulses are
                      used, calling for a technique capable of characterizing
                      multiple electric fields simultaneously. Here, we introduce
                      the TREX (third-order reconstruction of electric fields via
                      cross(X)-correlation) method, which allows the all-optical,
                      in situ characterization of the complete electric fields of
                      2 broadband pulses with different central wavelengths. The
                      method relies on the measurement of the perturbative
                      third-order nonlinear response generated in a noble gas
                      target while varying the delay between 2 pulses. The
                      resulting spectrograms can be reconstructed using a custom
                      evolutionary algorithm. The technique is demonstrated by
                      retrieving the complete electric field, including the
                      carrier-envelope phase, generated by the coherent synthesis
                      of 2 ultrashort pulses. These synthesized waveforms reach
                      time durations below a single optical cycle, demonstrating
                      the ability of TREX to characterize complex
                      multioctave-spanning electric fields.},
      cin          = {FS-CFEL-2},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-CFEL-2-20120731},
      pnm          = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
                      (POF4-631) / AIM, DFG project G:(GEPRIS)390715994 - EXC
                      2056: CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter (390715994)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631 / G:(GEPRIS)390715994},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)CFEL-Exp-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001418823900001},
      doi          = {10.34133/ultrafastscience.0081},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/622659},
}