Measurement of the thermal accommodation coefficient of helium on a crystalline silicon surface at low-temperatures

Franke, Alexander; Schnabel, Roman; Schaffran, Jörn; Masalehdan, Hossein; Sültmann, Nils; Lindner, Axel; Reinhardt, Christoph; Croatto, Sandy

Preprint

PUBDB-2025-00343

Measurement of the thermal accommodation coefficient of helium on a crystalline silicon surface at low-temperatures

Franke, A. (Corresponding author)CFEL*Extern* ; Sültmann, N. ; Reinhardt, C.DESY* ; Croatto, S.DESY* ; Schaffran, J.DESY* ; Masalehdan, H. ; Lindner, A.DESY* ; Schnabel, R.

2024

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Report No.: arXiv:2402.11977

Abstract: Proposals for next-generation gravitational wave observatories include cryogenically cooled 200 kg test mass mirrors suspended from pendulums and made of a crystalline material such as crystalline silicon. During operation of the observatories, these mirrors undergo heating due to the absorption of laser radiation of up to a watt. Low noise cooling techniques need to be developed. Low-pressure helium exchange gas at 5 K might contribute to the challenging task. Here, we report the measurement of the helium accommodation coefficient $\alpha(11\,\mathrm{K} \lt T \lt 30\,\mathrm{K})$, which is the probability that a helium atom thermalises with a surface at a given temperature when reflected from it. We find $\alpha(T) \gt 0.7$ for temperatures ${\lt}20$ K, which increases the cooling power compared to recently used assumptions. The idea of free molecular flow helium gas cooling is thus supported and might find application in some observatory concepts.

Keyword(s): experimental gravitation ; cryogenics ; gas cooling ; gravitational wave detection ; accommodation coefficient