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@ARTICLE{Huang:622090,
      author       = {Huang, Tzu-Yen and Le Brun, Anton P. and Sochor, Benedikt
                      and Wu, Chun-Ming and Bulut, Yusuf and Müller-Buschbaum,
                      Peter and Roth, Stephan V. and Yang, Yanzhao},
      title        = {{N}anometer-{T}hick {ITIC} {B}ulk {H}eterojunction {F}ilms
                      as {N}on-{F}ullerene {A}cceptors in {O}rganic {S}olar
                      {C}ells},
      journal      = {ACS applied nano materials},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {2574-0970},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-00176},
      pages        = {17588-17595},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Waiting for fulltext},
      abstract     = {The nanomorphology of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) plays a
                      critical role in determining the performance of
                      non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Thermal annealing
                      is commonly used to reorganize the donor and acceptor phases
                      within the BHJs. In this study, we investigate the vertical
                      morphology of BHJ blend films incorporating the
                      poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3‴-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴-quaterthiophen-5,5‴-diyl)]
                      (PffBT4T-2OD) polymer as the donor and
                      3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene
                      (ITIC) as the acceptor. Neutron reflectivity patterns and
                      scattering length density profiles reveal that the surface
                      of the BHJ films became diffuse when the annealing
                      temperature was above 150 °C. We further find that
                      mitigated agglomeration of PffBT4T-2OD side chains exhibits
                      minimal impact on morphology post-annealing. Instead, ITIC
                      molecules trigger aggregations, accompanied by interface
                      diffusion and increased film roughness. X-ray scattering
                      confirms a 5-fold increase in aggregated ITIC nanodomains
                      after annealing. Our findings highlight that unstable ITIC
                      phases dominate the BHJ morphology of thin films, leading to
                      the thermal instability of OSCs. This study enhances our
                      understanding of the BHJ morphology and offers insights into
                      improving the performance of energy conversion devices.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / FS-SMP / FS-PET-D},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)FS-SMP-20171124 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PET-D-20190712},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) /
                      DFG project G:(GEPRIS)390776260 - EXC 2089: e-conversion
                      (390776260) / SINE2020 - World class Science and Innovation
                      with Neutrons in Europe 2020 – SINE2020 (654000)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)390776260 / G:(EU-Grant)654000},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P03-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001277938500001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsanm.4c02865},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/622090},
}