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@ARTICLE{Abe:620265,
author = {Abe, S. and Abhir, J. and Acciari, V. A. and Agudo, I. and
Aniello, T. and Ansoldi, S. and Antonelli, L. A. and
Arbet-Engels, A. and Arcaro, C. and Artero, M. and Asano, K.
and Babić, A. and Baquero, A. and de Almeida, U. Barres and
Barrio, J. A. and Batković, I. and Baxter, J. and Becerra
González, J. and Bednarek, W. and Bernardini, E. and
Bernete, J. and Berti, A. and Besenrieder, J. and
Bigongiari, C. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bonnoli, G.
and Bošnjak, Ž. and Burelli, I. and Busetto, G. and
Campoy-Ordaz, A. and Carosi, A. and Carosi, R. and
Carretero-Castrillo, M. and Castro-Tirado, A. J. and
Ceribella, G. and Chai, Y. and Cifuentes, A. and Cikota, S.
and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J. L. and Cortina, J. and
Covino, S. and D'Ammando, F. and D'Amico, G. and D'Elia, V.
and Da Vela, P. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De
Lotto, B. and de Menezes, R. and Del Popolo, A. and Delgado,
J. and Mendez, C. Delgado and Di Pierro, F. and Di Venere,
L. and Dominis Prester, D. and Donini, A. and Dorner, D. and
Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Emery, G. and Escudero, J.
and Fariña, L. and Fattorini, A. and Foffano, L. and Font,
L. and Fröse, S. and Fukami, S. and Fukazawa, Y. and
López, R. J. García and Garczarczyk, M. and Gasparyan, S.
and Gaug, M. and Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht and Giglietto, N.
and Giordano, F. and Gliwny, P. and Godinović, N. and
Gradetzke, T. and Grau, R. and Green, D. and Green, J. G.
and Günther, P. and Hadasch, D. and Hahn, A. and Hassan, T.
and Heckmann, L. and Herrera, J. and Hrupec, D. and Hütten,
M. and Imazawa, R. and Inada, T. and Ishio, K. and
Martínez, I. Jiménez and Jormanainen, J. and Kerszberg, D.
and Kluge, G. W. and Kobayashi, Y. and Kouch, P. M. and
Kubo, H. and Kushida, J. and Lezáun, M. Láinez and
Lamastra, A. and Leone, F. and Lindfors, E. and Linhoff, L.
and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and López-Coto, R. and
López-Moya, M. and López-Oramas, A. and Loporchio, S. and
Lorini, A. and Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira and Majumdar,
P. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mang, N. and
Manganaro, M. and Mangano, S. and Mannheim, K. and Mariotti,
M. and Martínez, M. and Martínez-Chicharro, M. and
Mas-Aguilar, A. and Mazin, D. and Menchiari, S. and Mender,
S. and Miceli, D. and Miener, T. and Miranda, J. M. and
Mirzoyan, R. and González, M. Molero and Molina, E. and
Mondal, H. A. and Moralejo, A. and Morcuende, D. and
Nakamori, T. and Nanci, C. and Nava, L. and Neustroev, V.
and Nickel, L. and Nievas Rosillo, M. and Nigro, C. and
Nikolić, L. and Nilsson, K. and Nishijima, K. and Ekoume,
T. Njoh and Noda, K. and Nozaki, S. and Ohtani, Y. and
Okumura, A. and Otero-Santos, J. and Paiano, S. and
Palatiello, M. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes,
J. M. and Pavlović, D. and Peresano, M. and Persic, M. and
Pihet, M. and Pirola, G. and Podobnik, F. and Prada Moroni,
P. G. and Prandini, E. and Principe, G. and Priyadarshi, C.
and Rhode, W. and Ribó, M. and Rico, J. and Righi, C. and
Sahakyan, N. and Saito, T. and Satalecka, K. and Saturni, F.
G. and Schleicher, B. and Schmidt, K. and Schmuckermaier, F.
and Schubert, J. L. and Schweizer, T. and Sciaccaluga, A.
and Sitarek, J. and Sliusar, V. and Sobczynska, D. and
Stamerra, A. and Strišković, J. and Strom, D. and Strzys,
M. and Suda, Y. and Suutarinen, S. and Tajima, H. and
Takahashi, M. and Takeishi, R. and Tavecchio, F. and
Temnikov, P. and Terauchi, K. and Terzić, T. and Teshima,
M. and Tosti, L. and Truzzi, S. and Tutone, A. and Ubach, S.
and van Scherpenberg, J. and Vazquez Acosta, M. and Ventura,
S. and Viale, I. and Vigorito, C. F. and Vitale, V. and
Vovk, I. and Walter, R. and Will, M. and Wunderlich, C. and
Yamamoto, T. and Liodakis, I. and Jorstad, S. G. and Gesu,
L. D. and Donnarumma, I. and Kim, D. E. and Marscher, A. P.
and Middei, R. and Perri, M. and Puccetti, S. and
Verrecchia, F. and Leto, C. and Pérez, I. De La Calle and
Jiménez-Bailón, E. and Blinov, D. and Bourbah, I. G. and
Kiehlmann, S. and Kontopodis, E. and Mandarakas, N. and
Skalidis, R. and Vervelaki, A. and Aceituno, F. J. and
Agís-González, B. and Sota, A. and Sasada, M. and
Kawabata, K. S. and Uemura, M. and Mizuno, T. and Akitaya,
H. and Casadio, C. and Myserlis, I. and Sievers, A. and
Lähteenmäki, A. and Syrjärinne, I. and Tornikoski, M. and
Salomé, Q. and Gurwell, M. and Keating, G. K. and Rao, R.},
title = {{F}irst characterization of the emission behavior of {M}rk
421 from radio to very high-energy gamma rays with
simultaneous {X}-ray polarization measurements},
reportid = {PUBDB-2025-00099, arXiv:2312.10732},
year = {2024},
note = {Accepted for publication in Astronomy $\&$ Astrophysics. 29
pages, 22 figures. Corresponding authors: Axel Arbet Engels,
Felix Schmuckermaier, David Paneque},
abstract = {Aims. We have performed the first broadband study of Mrk
421 from radio to TeV gamma rays with simultaneous
measurements of the X-ray polarization from IXPE.Methods.
The data were collected as part of an extensive
multiwavelength campaign carried out between May and June
2022 using MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, Swift, and
several optical and radio telescopes to complement IXPE
data.Results. During the IXPE exposures, the measured
0.2–1 TeV flux was close to the quiescent state and ranged
from $25\%$ to $50\%$ of the Crab Nebula without intra-night
variability. Throughout the campaign, the very high-energy
(VHE) and X-ray emission are positively correlated at a 4σ
significance level. The IXPE measurements reveal an X-ray
polarization degree that is a factor of 2–5 higher than in
the optical/radio bands; that implies an energy-stratified
jet in which the VHE photons are emitted co-spatially with
the X-rays, in the vicinity of a shock front. The June 2022
observations exhibit a rotation of the X-ray polarization
angle. Despite no simultaneous VHE coverage being available
during a large fraction of the swing, the Swift-XRT
monitoring reveals an X-ray flux increase with a clear
spectral hardening. This suggests that flares in high
synchrotron peaked blazars can be accompanied by a
polarization angle rotation, as observed in some flat
spectrum radio quasars. Finally, during the polarization
angle rotation, NuSTAR data reveal two contiguous spectral
hysteresis loops in opposite directions (clockwise and
counterclockwise), implying important changes in the
particle acceleration efficiency on approximately hour
timescales.Key words: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal /
galaxies: active / BL Lacertae objects: individual: mrk421 /
gamma rays: general / X-rays: galaxies⋆ All data shown in
Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8 are available at the CDS via
anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (130.79.128.5) or via
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A127⋆⋆
Corresponding authors: A. Arbet-Engels, F. Schmuckermaier
and D. Paneque, e-mail: contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de},
cin = {$Z_CTAS$},
ddc = {520},
cid = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_CTAS-20210408$},
pnm = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
project G:(GEPRIS)390783311 - EXC 2094: ORIGINS: Vom
Ursprung des Universums bis zu den ersten Bausteinen des
Lebens (390783311) / SMILE - Search for Milli-lenses to
discriminate between dark matter models (101040021) /
PASIPHAE - Overcoming the Dominant Foreground of
Inflationary B-modes: Tomography of Galactic Magnetic Dust
via Measurements of Starlight Polarization (771282)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390783311 /
G:(EU-Grant)101040021 / G:(EU-Grant)771282},
experiment = {EXP:(DE-H253)CTA-20150101},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
eprint = {2312.10732},
howpublished = {arXiv:2312.10732},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2312.10732;\%\%$},
url = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/620265},
}
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