000619400 001__ 619400 000619400 005__ 20250723173114.0 000619400 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3847/1538-4357/ad6f96 000619400 0247_ $$2INSPIRETeX$$aCappelluti:2024okl 000619400 0247_ $$2inspire$$ainspire:2797444 000619400 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0004-637X 000619400 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1538-4357 000619400 0247_ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2406.07602 000619400 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2024-07605 000619400 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:001317245800001 000619400 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W4402690815 000619400 037__ $$aPUBDB-2024-07605 000619400 041__ $$aEnglish 000619400 082__ $$a520 000619400 088__ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2406.07602 000619400 1001_ $$00000-0002-1697-186X$$aCappelluti, Nico$$b0 000619400 245__ $$aConstraining Wind-driven Accretion onto Gaia BH3 with Chandra 000619400 260__ $$aLondon$$bInstitute of Physics Publ.$$c2024 000619400 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000619400 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000619400 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1741947053_1934010 000619400 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000619400 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000619400 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000619400 500__ $$aAccepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 10 pages, 4 figures 000619400 520__ $$aGaia BH3 is the most massive known stellar-origin black hole in the Milky Way, with a mass M$_{•}$ ≈ 33 M$_{⊙}$. Detected from Gaia’s astrometry, this black hole is in the mass range of those observed via gravitational waves, whose nature is still highly debated. Hosted in a binary system with a companion giant star that is too far away for Roche-lobe mass transfer, this black hole could nonetheless accrete at low levels due to wind-driven mass loss from its companion star, thus accreting in advection-dominated accretion flow, or ADAF, mode. Using stellar wind models, we constrain its Eddington ratio in the range 10$^{−9}$ < f$_{Edd}$ < 10$^{−7}$, corresponding to radiative efficiencies 5 × 10$^{−5}$ < ϵ < 10$^{−3}$, compatible with radiatively inefficient accretion modes. Chandra ACIS-S observed this object and obtained the most sensitive upper bound of its [2–10] keV flux: F$_{X}$ < 3.25 × 10$^{−15}$ erg s$^{−1}$ cm$^{−2}$ at 90% confidence level corresponding to L$_{[2–10]}$ < 2.10 × 10$^{29}$ erg s$^{−1}$. Using ADAF emission models, we constrained its accretion rate to f$_{Edd}$ < 4.91 × 10$^{−7}$ at the apastron, in agreement with our theoretical estimate. At the periastron, we expect fluxes ∼50 times larger. Because of the inferred low rates, accretion did not significantly contribute to black hole growth over the system’s lifetime. Detecting the electromagnetic emission from Gaia BH3 will be fundamental to informing stellar wind and accretion disk models. 000619400 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613$$a613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)$$cPOF4-613$$fPOF IV$$x0 000619400 542__ $$2Crossref$$i2024-09-20$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 000619400 542__ $$2Crossref$$i2024-09-20$$uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining 000619400 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, INSPIRE, Journals: bib-pubdb1.desy.de 000619400 693__ $$0EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101$$5EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101$$eNo specific instrument$$x0 000619400 7001_ $$00000-0001-9879-7780$$aPacucci, Fabio$$b1 000619400 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1105694$$aHasinger, Günther Gustav$$b2$$udesy 000619400 77318 $$2Crossref$$3journal-article$$a10.3847/1538-4357/ad6f96$$bAmerican Astronomical Society$$d2024-09-20$$n2$$p75$$tThe Astrophysical Journal$$v973$$x0004-637X$$y2024 000619400 773__ 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