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@ARTICLE{Uhm:618813,
      author       = {Uhm, Z. Lucas and Tak, Donggeun and Zhang, Bing and
                      Racusin, Judith and Kocevski, Daniel and Guiriec, Sylvain
                      and Zhang, Bin-Bin and McEnery, Julie},
      title        = {{E}vidence of {H}igh-latitude {E}mission in the {P}rompt
                      {P}hase of {GRB}s: {H}ow {F}ar from the {C}entral {E}ngine
                      are the {GRB}s {P}roduced?},
      journal      = {The astrophysical journal / Part 2},
      volume       = {963},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-8205},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Institute of Physics Publ.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-07167, arXiv:2212.07094},
      pages        = {L30},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {8 pages, 4 figures, submitted},
      abstract     = {One of the difficulties in nailing down the physical
                      mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comes from the fact
                      that there has been no clear observational evidence on how
                      far from the central engine the prompt gamma rays of GRBs
                      are emitted. Here we present a simple study addressing this
                      question by making use of the “high-latitude emission”
                      (HLE). We show that our detailed numerical modeling exhibits
                      a clear signature of HLE in the decaying phase of “broad
                      pulses” of GRBs. We show that the HLE can emerge as a
                      prominent spectral break in F$_{ν}$ spectra and dominate
                      the peak of νF$_{ν}$ spectra even while the
                      “line-of-sight emission” (LoSE) is still ongoing. This
                      finding provides a new view of HLE emergence since it has
                      been believed so far that the HLE can show up and dominate
                      the spectra only after the LoSE is turned off. We remark,
                      however, that this “HLE break” can be hidden in some
                      broad pulses, depending on the proximity between the peak
                      energies of the LoSE and the HLE. Therefore, this new
                      picture of HLE emergence explains both the detection and
                      nondetection of HLE signature in observations of broad
                      pulses. Also, we present three examples of Fermi Gamma-ray
                      Burst Monitor GRBs with broad pulses that exhibit the HLE
                      signature. We show that their gamma-ray-emitting region
                      should be located at ∼10$^{16}$ cm from the central
                      engine, which places a constraint on the GRB models.},
      cin          = {$Z_VER$},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_VER-20210408$},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)HESS-20170101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2212.07094},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2212.07094},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2212.07094;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:001175688200001},
      doi          = {10.3847/2041-8213/ad28b7},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/618813},
}