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@ARTICLE{Abe:617651,
author = {Abe, S. and Abhir, J. and Acciari, V. A. and Aguasca-Cabot,
A. and Agudo, I. and Aniello, T. and Ansoldi, S. and
Antonelli, L. A. and Engels, A. Arbet and Arcaro, C. and
Asano, K. and Babić, A. and Baquero, A. and de Almeida, U.
Barres and Barrio, J. A. and Batković, I. and Bautista, A.
and Baxter, J. and Becerra González, J. and Bednarek, W.
and Bernardini, E. and Bernardos, M. and Bernete, J. and
Berti, A. and Besenrieder, J. and Bigongiari, C. and Biland,
A. and Blanch, O. and Bonnoli, G. and Bošnjak, Ž. and
Burelli, I. and Busetto, G. and Campoy-Ordaz, A. and Carosi,
A. and Carosi, R. and Carretero-Castrillo, M. and
Castro-Tirado, A. J. and Ceribella, G. and Chai, Y. and
Cifuentes, A. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J. L. and
Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and D'Amico, G. and D'Elia, V.
and Da Vela, P. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De
Lotto, B. and de Menezes, R. and Del Popolo, A. and Delfino,
M. and Delgado, J. and Mendez, C. Delgado and Di Pierro, F.
and Di Venere, L. and Dominis Prester, D. and Donini, A. and
Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Emery, G. and
Escudero, J. and Fariña, L. and Fattorini, A. and Foffano,
L. and Font, L. and Fröse, S. and Fukazawa, Y. and López,
R. J. García and Garczarczyk, M. and Gasparyan, S. and
Gaug, M. and Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht and Giglietto, N. and
Giordano, F. and Gliwny, P. and Godinović, N. and
Gradetzke, T. and Grau, R. and Green, D. and Green, J. G.
and Günther, P. and Hadasch, D. and Hahn, A. and Hassan, T.
and Heckmann, L. and Herrera, J. and Hrupec, D. and Hütten,
M. and Imazawa, R. and Ishio, K. and Mart'inez, I. Jiménez
and Kayanoki, T. and Kerszberg, D. and Kluge, G. W. and
Kobayashi, Y. and Kouch, P. M. and Kubo, H. and Kushida, J.
and Lezáun, M. Láinez and Lamastra, A. and Leone, F. and
Lindfors, E. and Linhoff, L. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F.
and López-Coto, R. and López-Moya, M. and López-Oramas,
A. and Loporchio, S. and Lorini, A. and Lyard, E. and Fraga,
B. Machado de Oliveira and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, M. and
Maneva, G. and Mang, N. and Manganaro, M. and Mangano, S.
and Mannheim, K. and Mariotti, M. and Martínez, M. and
Martínez-Chicharro, M. and Mas-Aguilar, A. and Mazin, D.
and Menchiari, S. and Mender, S. and Miceli, D. and Miener,
T. and Miranda, J. M. and Mirzoyan, R. and González, M.
Molero and Molina, E. and Mondal, H. A. and Moralejo, A. and
Morcuende, D. and Nakamori, T. and Nanci, C. and Neustroev,
V. and Nigro, C. and Nikolić, L. and Nilsson, K. and
Nishijima, K. and Ekoume, T. Njoh and Noda, K. and Nozaki,
S. and Ohtani, Y. and Okumura, A. and Otero-Santos, J. and
Paiano, S. and Palatiello, M. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti,
R. and Paredes, J. M. and Peresano, M. and Persic, M. and
Pihet, M. and Pirola, G. and Podobnik, F. and Prada Moroni,
P. G. and Prandini, E. and Principe, G. and Priyadarshi, C.
and Rhode, W. and Ribó, M. and Rico, J. and Righi, C. and
Sahakyan, N. and Saito, T. and Satalecka, K. and Saturni, F.
G. and Schleicher, B. and Schmidt, K. and Schmuckermaier, F.
and Schubert, J. L. and Schweizer, T. and Sciaccaluga, A.
and Silvestri, G. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and
Spolon, A. and Stamerra, A. and Strišković, J. and Strom,
D. and Suda, Y. and Suutarinen, S. and Tajima, H. and
Takahashi, M. and Takeishi, R. and Tavecchio, F. and
Temnikov, P. and Terauchi, K. and Terzić, T. and Teshima,
M. and Tosti, L. and Truzzi, S. and Tutone, A. and Ubach, S.
and van Scherpenberg, J. and Ventura, S. and Viale, I. and
Vigorito, C. F. and Vitale, V. and Vovk, I. and Walter, R.
and Will, M. and Wunderlich, C. and Yamamoto, T. and
Liodakis, I. and Aceituno, F. J. and Agís-González, B. and
Akitaya, H. and Bernardos, M. I. and Blinov, D. and Bourbah,
I. G. and Casadio, C. and Casanova, V. and D'Ammando, F. and
Fallah Ramazani, V. and Fernández-García, E. and
García-Comas, M. and Gau, E. and Gokus, A. and Gurwell, M.
and Hakala, P. and Hovatta, T. and Hu, Y.-D. and Husillos,
C. and Jormanainen, J. and Jorstad, S. G. and Kawabata, K.
S. and Keating, G. K. and Kiehlmann, S. and Kontopodis, E.
and Krawczynski, H. and Lähteenmäki, A. and Leto, C. and
Lisalda, L. and Mandarakas, N. and Marchini, A. and
Marscher, A. P. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Middei, R. and
Mizuno, T. and Myserlis, I. and Nakaoka, T. and Perri, M.
and Puccetti, S. and Rao, R. and Readhead, A. C. S. and
Reeves, R. and Cavero, N. Rodriguez and Salomé, Q. and
Sasada, M. and Skalidis, R. and Sota, A. and Syrjärinne, I.
and Tornikoski, M. and Uemura, M. and Verrecchia, F. and
Vervelaki, A.},
collaboration = {{MAGIC Collaboration}},
title = {{I}nsights into the broadband emission of the {T}e{V}
blazar {M}rk 501 during the first {X}-ray polarization
measurements},
journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics},
volume = {685},
issn = {0004-6361},
address = {Les Ulis},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
reportid = {PUBDB-2024-06957, arXiv:2401.08560},
pages = {A117},
year = {2024},
abstract = {Aims. We present the first multiwavelength study of Mrk 501
that contains simultaneous very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray
observations and X-ray polarization measurements from the
Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE).Methods. We used
radio-to-VHE data from a multiwavelength campaign carried
out between March 1, 2022, and July 19, 2022 (MJD 59639 to
MJD 59779). The observations were performed by MAGIC,
Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift (XRT and UVOT), and several other
instruments that cover the optical and radio bands to
complement the IXPE pointings. We characterized the dynamics
of the broadband emission around the X-ray polarization
measurements through its multiband fractional variability
and correlations, and compared changes observed in the
polarization degree to changes seen in the broadband
emission using a multi-zone leptonic scenario.Results.
During the IXPE pointings, the VHE state is close to the
average behavior, with a 0.2–1 TeV flux of $20\%–50\%$
of the emission of the Crab Nebula. Additionally, it shows
low variability and a hint of correlation between VHE
γ-rays and X-rays. Despite the average VHE activity, an
extreme X-ray behavior is measured for the first two IXPE
pointings, taken in March 2022 (MJD 59646 to 59648 and MJD
59665 to 59667), with a synchrotron peak frequency > 1 keV.
For the third IXPE pointing, in July 2022 (MJD 59769 to
59772), the synchrotron peak shifts toward lower energies
and the optical/X-ray polarization degrees drop. All three
IXPE epochs show an atypically low Compton dominance in the
γ-rays. The X-ray polarization is systematically higher
than at lower energies, suggesting an energy stratification
of the jet. While during the IXPE epochs the polarization
angles in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands align well, we
find a clear discrepancy in the optical and radio
polarization angles in the middle of the campaign. Such
results further support the hypothesis of an
energy-stratified jet. We modeled broadband spectra taken
simultaneous to the IXPE pointings, assuming a compact zone
that dominates in the X-rays and the VHE band, and an
extended zone stretching farther downstream in the jet that
dominates the emission at lower energies. NuSTAR data allow
us to precisely constrain the synchrotron peak and therefore
the underlying electron distribution. The change between the
different states observed in the three IXPE pointings can be
explained by a change in the magnetization and/or the
emission region size, which directly connects the shift in
the synchrotron peak to lower energies with the drop in the
polarization degree.Key words: radiation mechanisms:
non-thermal / galaxies: active / BL Lacertae objects:
individual: Markarian 501 / gamma rays: general / X-rays:
galaxies⋆ The MWL data are available at the CDS via
anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (130.79.128.5) or via
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/685/A117⋆⋆
Corresponding authors: L. Heckmann, A. Arbet Engels, D.
Paneque; e-mail: contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de.},
keywords = {X-ray: polarization (INSPIRE) / X-ray: imaging (INSPIRE) /
polarization: monitoring (INSPIRE) / VHE (INSPIRE) /
synchrotron (INSPIRE) / optical (INSPIRE) / TeV (INSPIRE) /
magnetization (INSPIRE) / MAGIC (INSPIRE) / GLAST (INSPIRE)
/ blazar (INSPIRE) / flux (INSPIRE) / electron (INSPIRE) /
gamma ray (INSPIRE)},
cin = {$Z_CTAS$},
ddc = {520},
cid = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_CTAS-20210408$},
pnm = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
project G:(GEPRIS)390783311 - EXC 2094: ORIGINS: Vom
Ursprung des Universums bis zu den ersten Bausteinen des
Lebens (390783311)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390783311},
experiment = {EXP:(DE-H253)CTA-20150101},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
eprint = {2401.08560},
howpublished = {arXiv:2401.08560},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2401.08560;\%\%$},
UT = {WOS:001261209700001},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202348709},
url = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/617651},
}
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