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@ARTICLE{Ball:617632,
      author       = {Ball, O. B. and Husband, R. J. and McHardy, J. D. and
                      McMahon, M. I. and Strohm, C. and Konôpková, Z. and Appel,
                      K. and Cerantola, V. and Coleman, A. L. and Cynn, H. and
                      Dwivedi, A. and Goncharov, A. F. and Graafsma, H. and
                      Huston, L. Q. and Hwang, H. and Kaa, J. and Kim, J.-Y. and
                      Koemets, E. and Laurus, T. and Li, X. and Marquardt, H. and
                      Méndez, A. S. J. and Merkel, S. and Mondal, A. and Morard,
                      G. and Prakapenka, V. B. and Prescher, C. and Preston, T. R.
                      and Speziale, S. and Stern, S. and Sturtevant, B. T. and
                      Sztuk-Dambietz, J. and Velisavljevic, N. and Yoo, C.-S. and
                      Zastrau, U. and Jenei, Zs. and Liermann, H. P. and
                      Mcwilliams, Ryan Stewart},
      title        = {{M}easurement bias in self-heating x-ray free electron
                      laser experiments from diffraction studies of phase
                      transformation in titanium},
      journal      = {Journal of applied physics},
      volume       = {136},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0021-8979},
      address      = {Melville, NY},
      publisher    = {American Inst. of Physics},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-06938},
      pages        = {115902},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {X-ray self-heating is a common by-product of X-ray Free
                      Electron Laser (XFEL) techniques that can affect targets,
                      optics, and other irradiated materials. Diagnosis of heating
                      and induced changes in samples may be performed using the
                      x-ray beam itself as a probe. However, therelationship
                      between conditions created by and inferred from x-ray
                      irradiation is unclear and may be highly dependent on the
                      materialsystem under consideration. Here, we report on a
                      simple case study of a titanium foil irradiated, heated, and
                      probed by a MHz XFEL pulsetrain at 18.1 keV delivered by the
                      European XFEL using measured x-ray diffraction to determine
                      temperature and finite element analysis tointerpret the
                      experimental data. We find a complex relationship between
                      apparent temperatures and sample temperature distributions
                      thatmust be accounted for to adequately interpret the data,
                      including beam averaging effects, multivalued temperatures
                      due to sample phasetransitions, and jumps and gaps in the
                      observable temperature near phase transformations. The
                      results have implications for studies employing x-ray
                      probing of systems with large temperature gradients,
                      particularly where these gradients are produced by the beam
                      itself. Finally,this study shows the potential complexity of
                      studying nonlinear sample behavior, such as phase
                      transformations, where biasing effects oftemperature
                      gradients can become paramount, precluding clear observation
                      of true transformation conditions.},
      cin          = {XFEL-User / $XFEL_E1_HED$ / FS-HIBEF / FS-DS / FS-PETRA-D},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)XFEL-User-20170713 /
                      $I:(DE-H253)XFEL_E1_HED-20210408$ /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-HIBEF-20240110 / I:(DE-H253)FS-DS-20120731 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PETRA-D-20210408},
      pnm          = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
                      (POF4-631) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)170172421 - Matter under
                      extreme conditions as relevant for planetary interior and
                      dynamo models (170172421)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631 / G:(GEPRIS)170172421},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)XFEL-SASE2-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001316241000016},
      doi          = {10.1063/5.0215908},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/617632},
}