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@ARTICLE{Winter:616861,
      author       = {Winter, Walter},
      title        = {{S}ources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-06552, arXiv:2402.19314},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Invited talk given at the High Energy Phenomena in
                      Relativistic Outflows VIII (HEPROVIII) conference, 23-26
                      October, 2023, Paris, France},
      abstract     = {We discuss recent results in neutrino astronomy and their
                      implications for the cosmic-ray acceleration in relativistic
                      outflows, such as in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) jets,
                      Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), and Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs).
                      We especially focus on challenges at the interface to
                      particle acceleration which can be inferred from the
                      multi-messenger context, such as the paradigm that the
                      sources power the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). We
                      demonstrate that both AGN blazars (in the context of
                      neutrino observations) and GRBs (as UHECR sources in the
                      context of neutrino-non-observations) point towards
                      acceleration spectra harder than $E^-2,$ or relatively high
                      minimal cosmic-ray injection energies, to meet the
                      respective energy budget requirements. We furthermore
                      speculate that neutrino flares in blazars may be related to
                      super-Eddington accretion flares, or that GRBs are powered
                      by significantly higher kinetic energies than typically
                      assumed in electromagnetic models. For internal shock
                      models, the UHECR paradigm for GRBs can only be maintained
                      in the light of neutrino stacking limits in multi-zone
                      models. While relativistic outflows in TDEs have become
                      recently interesting per se and models for the neutrino
                      emission from jetted TDEs exist, a direct connection between
                      TDE jets pointing in our direction and astrophysical
                      neutrinos has not been identified yet.},
      keywords     = {gamma ray: burst (INSPIRE) / cosmic radiation: UHE
                      (INSPIRE) / model: electromagnetic (INSPIRE) / particle:
                      acceleration (INSPIRE) / cosmic radiation: acceleration
                      (INSPIRE) / energy: injection (INSPIRE) / cosmic radiation:
                      injection (INSPIRE) / energy: kinetic (INSPIRE) / AGN
                      (INSPIRE) / blazar (INSPIRE) / stacking (INSPIRE) /
                      accretion (INSPIRE) / interface (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {$Z_THAT$},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_THAT-20210408$},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613) /
                      NEUCOS - Neutrinos and the origin of the cosmic rays
                      (646623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613 / G:(EU-Grant)646623},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      eprint       = {2402.19314},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2402.19314},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2402.19314;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2024-06552},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/616861},
}