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@ARTICLE{Aad:615355,
      author       = {Aad, Georges and others},
      collaboration = {{ATLAS Collaboration}},
      title        = {{T}otal cost of ownership and evaluation of {G}oogle cloud
                      resources for the {ATLAS} experiment at the {LHC}},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-06110, arXiv:2405.13695. CERN-EP-2024-124},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {48 pages in total, author list starting page 31, 7 figures,
                      1 table, submitted to Computing and Software for Big
                      Science. All figures including auxiliary figures are
                      available at
                      https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SOFT-2023-02/},
      abstract     = {The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an
                      ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the
                      ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future
                      adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or
                      complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of
                      Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed
                      computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for
                      an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are
                      shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional,
                      flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a
                      total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to
                      identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective
                      mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly
                      impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring
                      the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource
                      bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing
                      the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the
                      project is underway to investigate methods for improving the
                      integration of cloud resources in data-intensive distributed
                      computing environments and reducing costs related to network
                      connectivity, which represents the primary expense when
                      extensively utilising cloud resources.},
      keywords     = {costs (INSPIRE) / ATLAS (INSPIRE) / cloud (INSPIRE) /
                      computer: network (INSPIRE) / site (INSPIRE) / connectivity
                      (INSPIRE) / data management (INSPIRE) / efficiency
                      (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {ATLAS},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)ATLAS-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)469666862 - Präzisionstests des
                      Standardmodells unter der Verwendung von geboosteten
                      W/Z-Bosonen am Large Hadron Collider (469666862)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)469666862},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)LHC-Exp-ATLAS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      eprint       = {2405.13695},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2405.13695},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2405.13695;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2024-06110},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/615355},
}