TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rajh, Ava
AU  - Gabrijelcic, Matej
AU  - Tratnik, Blaž
AU  - Bučar, Klemen
AU  - Arcon, Iztok
AU  - Petric, Marko
AU  - Dominko, Robert
AU  - Vizintin, Alen
AU  - Kavcic, Matjaz
TI  - Structural and chemical analysis of hard carbon negative electrode for Na-ion battery with X-ray Raman scattering and solid-state NMR spectroscopy
JO  - Carbon
VL  - 228
SN  - 0008-6223
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier Science
M1  - PUBDB-2024-06064
SP  - 119398
PY  - 2024
AB  - This study explores the structural changes of hard carbon (HC) negative electrodes in sodium-ion batteries induced by insertion of Na ions during sodiation. X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) was used to record both C and Na K-edge absorption spectra from bulk HC anodes carbonized at different temperatures and at several points during sodiation and desodiation. Comparing the / regions in the C K-edge spectra / hybridization ratio of material was determined. Higher carbonization temperatures led to increased order in graphitic structure and shorter bond lengths. Sodiation caused a decrease in graphitic layer order due to inserted Na ions. Complementary operando solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) studies confirmed the structural changes, while showing pore filling mechanism, which is not observed in ex situ measurements, primarily at higher carbonization temperatures. XRS analysis of Na K-edge spectra revealed systematic variations in the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) composition during cycling. Changes in XRS spectra were attributed to both SEI composition alterations, accompanied by the insertion/adsorption of Na ions at defect sites within the carbon structure. 
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001267659000001
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119398
UR  - https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/615157
ER  -