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@ARTICLE{Xue:614547,
      author       = {Xue, Xiao and Pan, Zhen and Dai, Liang},
      title        = {{N}on-{G}aussian {S}tatistics of {N}anohertz {S}tochastic
                      {G}ravitational {W}aves},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-05893, DESY-24-137. arXiv:2409.19516},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {13 pages including references, 8 figures},
      abstract     = {Recent detection of nHz stochastic gravitational wave
                      background (SGWB) by multiple pulsar timing arrays (PTAs)
                      has stimulated intensive discussions about its physical
                      origin. In principle, either supermassive black hole
                      binaries (SMBHBs) or processes in the early universe may be
                      the sources. One key difference between the two lies in the
                      statistics of the SGWB frequency power spectrum. In
                      particular, the often assumed Gaussian random SGWB does not
                      accurately describe the distribution of the collective SMBHB
                      emission. In this work, we present a semi-analytical
                      framework for calculating the non-Gaussian statistics of
                      SGWB power expected from SMBHBs. We find that (a) wave
                      interference between individual SMBHBs with
                      indistinguishable observed frequencies and (b) the Poisson
                      fluctuation of the source numbers, together shape the
                      non-Gaussian statistics. Implementing the non-Gaussian
                      statistics developed in this work, we investigate the
                      sensitivity of current and future PTA datasets in
                      distinguishing the origin of the SGWB through non-Gaussian
                      information. Additionally, we find an interesting
                      approximation of the non-Gaussian statistics, which has
                      implications for accurately and practically treating
                      non-Gaussianity in PTA Bayesian analyses.},
      keywords     = {gravitational radiation, stochastic (INSPIRE) / black hole,
                      binary (INSPIRE) / gravitational radiation, background
                      (INSPIRE) / statistics (INSPIRE) / non-Gaussianity (INSPIRE)
                      / power spectrum (INSPIRE) / fluctuation (INSPIRE) /
                      sensitivity (INSPIRE) / interference (INSPIRE) / Poisson
                      (INSPIRE) / Bayesian (INSPIRE) / pulsar (INSPIRE) /
                      collective (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {UNI/TH},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)UNI_TH-20120731$},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)390833306 - EXC 2121: Quantum Universe
                      (390833306)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390833306},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      eprint       = {2409.19516},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2409.19516},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2409.19516;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2024-05893},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/614547},
}