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@ARTICLE{Li:611664,
      author       = {Li, Zhuoqing and Raab, Aileen and Kolmangadi, Mohamed Aejaz
                      and Busch, Mark and Grunwald, Marco and Demel, Felix and
                      Bertram, Florian and Kityk, Andriy V. and Schönhals,
                      Andreas and Laschat, Sabine and Huber, Patrick},
      title        = {{S}elf-{A}ssembly of {I}onic {S}uperdiscs in {N}anopores},
      journal      = {ACS nano},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {1936-0851},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-04998},
      pages        = {14414-14426},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Discotic ionic liquid crystals (DILCs) consist of
                      self-assembled superdiscs of cations and anions that
                      spontaneously stack in linear columns with high
                      one-dimensional ionic and electronic charge mobility, making
                      them prominent model systems for functional soft matter.
                      Compared to classical nonionic discotic liquid crystals,
                      many liquid crystalline structures with a combination of
                      electronic and ionic conductivity have been reported, which
                      are of interest for separation membranes, artificial
                      ion/proton conducting membranes, and optoelectronics.
                      Unfortunately, a homogeneous alignment of the DILCs on the
                      macroscale is often not achievable, which significantly
                      limits the applicability of DILCs. Infiltration into
                      nanoporous solid scaffolds can, in principle, overcome this
                      drawback. However, due to the experimental challenges to
                      scrutinize liquid crystalline order in extreme spatial
                      confinement, little is known about the structures of DILCs
                      in nanopores. Here, we present temperature-dependent
                      high-resolution optical birefringence measurement and 3D
                      reciprocal space mapping based on synchrotron X-ray
                      scattering to investigate the thermotropic phase behavior of
                      dopamine-based ionic liquid crystals confined in cylindrical
                      channels of 180 nm diameter in macroscopic anodic aluminum
                      oxide membranes. As a function of the membranes’
                      hydrophilicity and thus the molecular anchoring to the pore
                      walls (edge-on or face-on) and the variation of the
                      hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance between the aromatic cores
                      and the alkyl side chain motifs of the superdiscs by
                      tailored chemical synthesis, we find a particularly rich
                      phase behavior, which is not present in the bulk state. It
                      is governed by a complex interplay of liquid crystalline
                      elastic energies (bending and splay deformations), polar
                      interactions, and pure geometric confinement and includes
                      textural transitions between radial and axial alignment of
                      the columns with respect to the long nanochannel axis.
                      Furthermore, confinement-induced continuous order formation
                      is observed in contrast to discontinuous first-order phase
                      transitions, which can be quantitatively described by
                      Landau-de Gennes free energy models for liquid crystalline
                      order transitions in confinement. Our observations suggest
                      that the infiltration of DILCs into nanoporous solids allows
                      tailoring their nanoscale texture and ion channel formation
                      and thus their electrical and optical functionalities over
                      an even wider range than in the bulk state in a homogeneous
                      manner on the centimeter scale as controlled by the
                      monolithic nanoporous scaffolds.},
      cin          = {CIMMS / TUHH},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)CIMMS-20211022 / I:(DE-H253)TUHH-20210331},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) /
                      DFG project G:(GEPRIS)430146019 - Ionische Flüssigkristalle
                      in Nanoporösen Festkörpern: Selbstorganisation, molekulare
                      Mobilität und elektro-optische Funktionalitäten
                      (430146019)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)430146019},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P08-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38760015},
      UT           = {WOS:001227280600001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsnano.4c01062},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/611664},
}