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@ARTICLE{Corrales:607574,
      author       = {Corrales, Lia and Gotthelf, Eric V. and Gatuzz, Efrain and
                      Kallman, Timothy R. and Lee, Julia C. and Martins, Michael
                      and Paerels, Frits and Psaradaki, Ioanna and Schippers,
                      Stefan and Savin, Daniel Wolf},
      title        = {{H}igh-resolution {X}-{R}ay {S}pectroscopy of
                      {I}nterstellar {I}ron toward {C}ygnus {X}-1 and {GX} 339-4},
      journal      = {The astrophysical journal / Part 1},
      volume       = {965},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0004-637X},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Institute of Physics Publ.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-01936},
      pages        = {172},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {We present a high-resolution spectral study of Fe L-shell
                      extinction by the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) in the
                      direction of the X-ray binaries Cygnus X-1 and GX 339–4,
                      using the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometer. The
                      majority of interstellar Fe is suspected to condense into
                      dust grains in the diffuse ISM, but the compounds formed
                      from this process are unknown. Here, we use the laboratory
                      cross sections from Kortright $\&$ Kim (2000) and Lee et al.
                      (2005) to model the absorption and scattering profiles of
                      metallic Fe, and the crystalline compounds fayalite
                      (Fe2SiO4), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), hematite (α-Fe2O3), and
                      lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), which have oxidation states
                      ranging from Fe0 to Fe3+. We find that the observed Fe
                      L-shell features are systematically offset in energy from
                      the laboratory measurements. An examination of over two
                      dozen published measurements of Fe L-shell absorption finds
                      a 1–2 eV scatter in energy positions of the L-shell
                      features. Motivated by this, we fit for the best
                      energy-scale shift simultaneously with the fine structure of
                      the Fe L-shell extinction cross sections. Hematite and
                      lepidocrocite provide the best fits (≈ + 1.1 eV shift),
                      followed by fayalite (≈ + 1.8 eV shift). However, fayalite
                      is disfavored, based on the implied abundances and knowledge
                      of ISM silicates gained by infrared astronomical
                      observations and meteoritic studies. We conclude that iron
                      oxides in the Fe3+ oxidation state are good candidates for
                      Fe-bearing dust. To verify this, new absolute
                      photoabsorption measurements are needed on an energy scale
                      accurate to better than 0.2 eV.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal: I-20170574
                      (I-20170574) / DFG project 510114039 - Dissoziationsdynamik
                      von rumpfniveauangeregten ionischen, molekularen Radikalen
                      (510114039) / 05K19GU4 - SFX2: Hochdurchsatz
                      Serielle-Femtosekunden Kristallographie @ EU XFEL.
                      (BMBF-05K19GU4)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20170574 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)510114039 / G:(DE-Ds200)BMBF-05K19GU4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P04-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001204293700001},
      doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ad2939},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/607574},
}