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000605543 1001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1019042$$aFrost, Mungo$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000605543 245__ $$aDiamond precipitation dynamics from hydrocarbons at icy planet interior conditions
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000605543 520__ $$aThe pressure and temperature conditions at which precipitation of diamond occurs from hydrocarbon mixtures is important for modelling the interior dynamics of icy planets. However, there is substantial disagreement from laboratory experiments, with those using dynamic compression techniques finding much more extreme conditions are required than in static compression. Here we report the time-resolved observation of diamond formation from statically compressed polystyrene, (C$_8$H$_8$)$_n$, heated using the 4.5 MHz X-ray pulse trains at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser facility. Diamond formation is observed above 2,500 K from 19 GPa to 27 GPa, conditions representative of Uranus’s and Neptune’s shallow interiors, on 30 μs to 40 μs timescales. This is much slower than may be observed during the ∼10 ns duration of typical dynamic compression experiments, revealing reaction kinetics to be the reason for the discrepancy. Reduced pressure and temperature conditions for diamond formation has implications for icy planetary interiors, where diamond subduction leads to heating and could drive convection in the conductive ice layer that has a role in their magnetic fields.
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000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1021535$$aMcWilliams, R. Stewart$$b1
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1015382$$aBykova, Elena$$b2
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1014098$$aBykov, Maxim$$b3
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000605543 7001_ $$aKonôpková, Zuzana$$b23
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000605543 7001_ $$aMcHardy, James D.$$b27
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000605543 7001_ $$aMorard, Guillaume$$b29
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1017893$$aNakatsutsumi, Motoaki$$b30
000605543 7001_ $$aNguyen, Lan Anh$$b31
000605543 7001_ $$aNinet, Sandra$$b32
000605543 7001_ $$aPrakapenka, Vitali B.$$b33
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1014506$$aPrescher, Clemens$$b34
000605543 7001_ $$aRedmer, Ronald$$b35
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1011474$$aStern, Stephan$$b36
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1017102$$aStrohm, Cornelius$$b37
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1005470$$aSztuk-Dambietz, Jolanta$$b38
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1005920$$aTurcato, Monica$$b39
000605543 7001_ $$aWu, Zhongyan$$b40
000605543 7001_ $$aGlenzer, Siegfried H.$$b41
000605543 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1015299$$aGoncharov, Alexander F.$$b42
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