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@ARTICLE{Schaeper:605022,
      author       = {Schaeper, Jannis Justus and Liberman, Michael Charles and
                      Salditt, Tim},
      title        = {{I}maging of excised cochleae by micro-{CT}: staining,
                      liquid embedding, and image modalities},
      journal      = {Journal of medical imaging},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {05},
      issn         = {2329-4302},
      address      = {[Bellingham, Wash.]},
      publisher    = {SPIE},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-01297},
      pages        = {053501},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Purpose:Assessing the complex three-dimensional (3D)
                      structure of the cochlea is crucial to understanding the
                      fundamental aspects of signal transduction in the inner ear
                      and is a prerequisite for the development of novel cochlear
                      implants. X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography offers
                      destruction-free 3D imaging with little sample preparation,
                      thus preserving the delicate structure of the cochlea. The
                      use of heavy metal stains enables higher contrast and
                      resolution and facilitates segmentation of the
                      cochlea.Approach:For μ-CT of small animal and human
                      cochlea, we explore the heavy metal osmium tetroxide (OTO)
                      as a radiocontrast agent and delineate laboratory μ-CT from
                      synchrotron CT. We investigate how phase retrieval can be
                      used to improve the image quality of the reconstructions,
                      both for stained and unstained specimens.Results:Image
                      contrast for soft tissue in an aqueous solution is
                      insufficient under the in-house conditions, whereas the OTO
                      stain increases contrast for lipid-rich tissue components,
                      such as the myelin sheaths in nervous tissue, enabling
                      contrast-based rendering of the different components of the
                      auditory nervous system. The overall morphology of the
                      cochlea with the three scalae and membranes is very well
                      represented. Further, the image quality of the
                      reconstructions improves significantly when a phase
                      retrieval scheme is used, which is also suitable for
                      non-ideal laboratory μ-CT settings. With highly brilliant
                      synchrotron radiation (SR), we achieve high contrast for
                      unstained whole cochleae at the cellular
                      level.Conclusions:The OTO stain is suitable for 3D imaging
                      of small animal and human cochlea with laboratory μ-CT, and
                      relevant pathologies, such as a loss of sensory cells and
                      neurons, can be visualized. With SR and optimized phase
                      retrieval, the cellular level can be reached even for
                      unstained samples in aqueous solution, as demonstrated by
                      the high visibility of single hair cells and spiral ganglion
                      neurons.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / DFG project 390729940 -
                      EXC 2067: Multiscale Bioimaging: Von molekularen Maschinen
                      zu Netzwerken erregbarer Zellen (390729940)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(GEPRIS)390729940},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P10-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37753271},
      UT           = {WOS:001104933900010},
      doi          = {10.1117/1.JMI.10.5.053501},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/605022},
}