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@ARTICLE{Neukum:604760,
      author       = {Neukum, Dominik and Saraci, Erisa and Wüst, Dominik and
                      Raj Lakshmi Nilayam, Ajai and Sharma, Shweta and Grunwaldt,
                      Jan-Dierk},
      title        = {{R}ational process design for the efficient oxidation of
                      crude {HMF}-solution using {A}u{P}d/{C} catalysts},
      journal      = {Catalysis today},
      volume       = {432},
      issn         = {0920-5861},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-01215},
      pages        = {114615},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The oxidation of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) to
                      2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is of high interest for
                      the production of renewable monomers. To achieve a
                      cost-efficient, sustainable process for the large-scale
                      production of FDCA, it is important to use the
                      as-synthesized crude HMF-solution without extensive
                      purification steps. In this work, we present the direct
                      oxidation of crude HMF-solution produced from fructose syrup
                      with an AuPd/C catalyst. The catalyst shows good tolerance
                      against various remaining impurities from the
                      HMF-preparation. A $95\%$ FDCA yield with a productivity of
                      75.5 mol$_{FDCA}$ mol$_{AuPd}$$^{−1}$ h$^{−1}$ could
                      be achieved under increased temperature (140 °C) and
                      pressure (40 bar) with only 2 eq. Na2CO3. We further
                      improved the process’ efficiency by using a two-step
                      oxidation with a split addition of the base in the same
                      reactor. First, a mild oxidation (1 eq. Na$_2$CO$_3$, 100
                      °C, 1.5 h) of HMF afforded the intermediates HFCA and
                      FFCA, which were then further oxidized under harsher
                      conditions (3.3 eq. NaOH, 140 °C, 4 h) to FDCA. Due to
                      the higher efficiency, this process enabled increasing the
                      HMF concentration up to 0.3 M for crude solution and
                      0.6 M for purified solution while minimizing the
                      degradation of HMF, leading to a more cost-efficient
                      oxidation of crude HMF-solution, and facilitating the
                      industrial implementation of renewable FDCA.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal: I-20211473
                      (I-20211473)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20211473},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P65-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001204475100001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cattod.2024.114615},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/604760},
}