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@ARTICLE{Stransky:604238,
      author       = {Stransky, Michal and Lane, Thomas and Gorel, Alexander and
                      Boutet, Sebastien and Schlichting, Ilme and Mancuso, Adrian
                      and Jurek, Zoltan and Ziaja, Beata},
      title        = {{I}onization by {XFEL} radiation produces distinct
                      structure in liquid water},
      journal      = {Communications Physics},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2399-3650},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-01036},
      pages        = {281},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {In the warm dense matter (WDM) regime, where condensed,
                      gas, and plasma phases coexist, matter frequently exhibits
                      unusual properties that cannot be described by contemporary
                      theory. Experiments reporting phenomena in WDM are therefore
                      of interest to advance our physical understanding of this
                      regime, which is found in dwarf stars, giant planets, and
                      fusion ignition experiments. Using 7.1 keV X-ray free
                      electron laser radiation (nominally 5×105 J/cm$^2$), we
                      produced and probed transient WDM in liquid water.
                      Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) from the probe reveals a
                      new ~9 Å structure that forms within 75 fs. By
                      100 fs, the WAXS peak corresponding to this new structure
                      is of comparable magnitude to the ambient water peak, which
                      is attenuated. Simulations suggest that the experiment
                      probes a superposition of two regimes. In the first,
                      fluences expected at the focus severely ionize the water,
                      which becomes effectively transparent to the probe. In the
                      second, out-of-focus pump radiation produces O$^{1+}$ and
                      O$^{2+}$ ions, which rearrange due to Coulombic repulsion
                      over 10 s of fs. Our simulations account for a decrease in
                      ambient water signal and an increase in low-angle X-ray
                      scattering but not the experimentally observed 9 Å
                      feature, presenting a new challenge for theory.},
      cin          = {FS-CFEL-1-PBIO / FS-CFEL-3 / CFEL-DESYT / FS-CFEL-XM},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-CFEL-1-PBIO-20210408 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-CFEL-3-20120731 /
                      I:(DE-H253)CFEL-DESYT-20160930 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-CFEL-XM-20210408},
      pnm          = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
                      (POF4-631) / DFG project 390715994 - EXC 2056: CUI: Advanced
                      Imaging of Matter (390715994)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631 / G:(GEPRIS)390715994},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)External-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001295013200001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s42005-024-01768-6},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/604238},
}