% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Choisez:604233,
      author       = {Choisez, Laurine and Hemke, Kira and Özgün, Özge and
                      Pistidda, Claudio and Jeppesen, Henrik and Raabe, Dierk and
                      Ma, Yan},
      title        = {{H}ydrogen-based direct reduction of combusted iron powder:
                      {D}eep pre-oxidation, reduction kinetics and microstructural
                      analysis},
      journal      = {Acta materialia},
      volume       = {268},
      issn         = {1359-6454},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-01035},
      pages        = {119752},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Funding: F.R.S.FNRS chargée de recherche mandate (ID
                      40011141); Walter Benjamin Programme of the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (project number 468209039); ERC
                      Advanced grant ROC (Grant Agreement No 101054368)},
      abstract     = {Iron powder can be a sustainable alternative to fossil
                      fuels in power supply due to its high energy density and
                      abundance. Iron powder releases energy through exothermic
                      oxidation (combustion), and stores back energy through its
                      subsequent hydrogen-based reduction, establishing a circular
                      loop for renewable energy supply. Hydrogen-based direct
                      reduction is also gaining global momentum as possible future
                      backbone technology for sustainable iron and steel
                      production, with the aim to replace blast furnaces. Here, we
                      investigate the microstructural formation mechanisms and
                      reduction kinetics behind hydrogen-based direct reduction of
                      combusted iron powder at moderate temperatures (400–500
                      °C) using thermogravimetry, ex-situ X-ray diffraction,
                      scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive
                      spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, as well
                      as in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction. The influence of
                      pre-oxidation treatment was studied by reducing both
                      as-combusted iron powder (50 $\%$ magnetite and 50 $\%$
                      hematite) and the same powder after pre-oxidation (100 $\%$
                      hematite). A gas diffusion-limited reaction was obtained
                      during the in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiment,
                      with successive hematite and magnetite reduction, and a
                      strong increase in reduction kinetics with initial hematite
                      content. Faster reduction kinetics were obtained during the
                      thermogravimetry experiment, with simultaneous hematite and
                      magnetite reduction. In this case, the reduction reaction
                      was limited by a mix of phase boundary and nucleation and
                      growth models, as analyzed by multi-step model fitting
                      methods as well as by microstructural investigation. When
                      not limited by gas diffusion, the pre-oxidation treatment
                      showed almost no influence on the reduction time but a
                      strong effect on the final microstructure of the reduced
                      powder.},
      cin          = {FS-PET-D / Hereon / FS-PS / DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-PET-D-20190712 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PS-20131107 / I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) /
                      FS-Proposal: I-20211077 (I-20211077)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 /
                      G:(DE-H253)I-20211077},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P02.1-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001187989800001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.actamat.2024.119752},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/604233},
}