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@INPROCEEDINGS{Diehl:602205,
      author       = {Diehl, Inge and Feindt, Finn and Hansen, Karsten and
                      Lachnit, Stephan and Poblotzki, Frauke and Rastorguev,
                      Daniil and Spannagel, Simon and Vanat, Tomas and Vignola,
                      Gianpiero},
      title        = {{T}he {DESY} digital silicon photomultiplier: {D}evice
                      characteristics and first test-beam results},
      journal      = {Nuclear instruments $\&$ methods in physics research /
                      Section A},
      volume       = {1064},
      issn         = {0168-9002},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {North-Holland Publ. Co.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-00531},
      pages        = {169321},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {CC BY 4.0 Deed, Received 13 February 2024, Revised 27 March
                      2024, Accepted 3 April 2024, Available online 5 April 2024,
                      Version of Record 13 April 2024.},
      abstract     = {Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are state-of-the-art
                      photon detectors used in particle physics, medical imaging,
                      and beyond. They are sensitive to individual photons in the
                      optical wavelength regime and achieve time resolutions of a
                      few tens of picoseconds, which makes them interesting
                      candidates for timing detectors in tracking systems for
                      particle physics experiments. The Geiger discharges
                      triggered in the sensitive elements of a SiPM, Single-Photon
                      Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), yield signal amplitudes
                      independent of the energy deposited by a photon or ionizing
                      particle. This intrinsically digital nature of the signal
                      motivates its digitization already on SPAD level. A digital
                      SiPM (dSiPM) was designed at Deutsches Elektronen
                      Synchrotron (DESY), combining a SPAD array with embedded
                      CMOS circuitry for on-chip signal processing. A key feature
                      of the DESY dSiPM is its capability to provide hit-position
                      information on pixel level, and one hit time stamp per
                      quadrant at a 3 MHz readout-frame rate. The pixels comprise
                      four SPADs and have a pitch of about 70 μm. The four time
                      stamps are provided by 12 bit Time-to-Digital Converters
                      (TDCs) with a resolution better than 100 ps. The chip was
                      characterized in the laboratory to determine dark count
                      rate, breakdown voltage, and TDC characteristics. Test-beam
                      measurements are analyzed to assess the DESY dSiPMs
                      performance in the context of a 4D-tracking applications.
                      The results demonstrate a spatial hit resolution on a pixel
                      level, a minimum-ionizing particle detection efficiency of
                      about 30 $\%$ and a time resolution in the order of 50 ps.},
      month         = {Dec},
      date          = {2023-12-03},
      organization  = {13th International "Hiroshima"
                       Symposium on the Development and
                       Application of Semiconductor Tracking
                       Detectors, Vancouver (Canada), 3 Dec
                       2023 - 8 Dec 2023},
      cin          = {ATLAS / CMS / FE},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)ATLAS-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)CMS-20120731 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FE-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16 / PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      UT           = {WOS:001300021300001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nima.2024.169321},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/602205},
}