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@PHDTHESIS{MendizabalMorentin:601967,
      author       = {Mendizabal Morentin, Mikel},
      othercontributors = {Jung, Hannes and Gallo-Voss, Elisabetta},
      title        = {${Z}$ boson production in association with jets:
                      measurement and phenomenology},
      school       = {Universität Hamburg},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Hamburg},
      publisher    = {Verlag Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-00440, DESY-THESIS-2024-001},
      series       = {DESY-THESIS},
      pages        = {164},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 2023},
      abstract     = {In this thesis, we study two $Z$ boson production
                      mechanisms: the Drell-Yan process andreal electroweak
                      corrections.The transverse momentum spectrum of the
                      Drell-Yan lepton pair is of general interest asit is
                      sensitive to the hadron structure. Moreover, the small
                      transverse momentum region, $q{\tiny T}$ $<$ m$_{ll}$, is
                      sensitive to the 3D structure of the hadron. To describe the
                      $q{\tiny T}$ $<$ m$_{ll}$ region,resummation to all orders
                      is needed. However, the $q{\tiny T}$ m$_{ll}$ region is
                      non-perturbativeand has to be modelled. This region is
                      modelled via a Gaussian distribution of the
                      intrinsictransverse momentum of the incoming partons.
                      Nonetheless, this is insufficient, and verysoftgluon
                      radiation is needed. We investigate the effect of very-soft
                      gluon radiations in the $q{\tiny T}$ $≪\ $m$_{ll}$ region
                      within the Parton Branching framework, and how it relates to
                      the Collins-Soper kernel of the $TMD$ factorisation. The
                      very-soft gluon radiation is removed throughthe soft-gluon
                      resolution scale in the parton showers of Monte-Carlo event
                      generators, such as ${P}$${\small YTHIA}$$8$ and
                      ${H}$${\small ERWIG}$$7$. We demonstrate that this leads to
                      a centre-of-mass energydependent intrinsic transverse
                      momentum, by tuning the intrinsic tranerse momentum. At high
                      partonic centre-of-mass energies, electroweak corrections
                      become large, and the $Z$ boson might be produced as a real
                      electroweak correction. In $QCD$ processes, at highjet
                      transverse momentum, virtual electroweak corrections become
                      large, and at the $TeV$ scale, their contribution to the
                      cross-section is of the order of 10 $\\%$. We measure the
                      contributionof real electroweak corrections to $QCD$ events
                      as a function of the jet transversemomentum. We analyse
                      proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13
                      $TeV$ atthe $LHC$, recorded by the $CMS$ experiment during
                      2016, corresponding to an integratedluminosity of 36.3
                      fb$^{−1}$. We measure the contribution of the real
                      electroweak correctionto a 1 $TeV$ jet transverse momentum
                      to be 1-2 $\\%$. Moreover, we investigate
                      differentobservables sensitive to real electroweak
                      corrections to test their modelling in differenttheoretical
                      scenarios.},
      cin          = {CMS},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)CMS-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)LHC-Exp-CMS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2024-00440},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/601967},
}