000599004 001__ 599004 000599004 005__ 20250715175817.0 000599004 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1051/0004-6361/202244477 000599004 0247_ $$2INSPIRETeX$$aMAGIC:2022fww 000599004 0247_ $$2inspire$$ainspire:2593445 000599004 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0004-6361 000599004 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1432-0746 000599004 0247_ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2211.13268 000599004 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2023-07088 000599004 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:001006118000002 000599004 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:139028011 000599004 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W4310257750 000599004 037__ $$aPUBDB-2023-07088 000599004 041__ $$aEnglish 000599004 082__ $$a520 000599004 088__ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2211.13268 000599004 1001_ $$aAcciari, V. A.$$b0 000599004 245__ $$aLong-term multi-wavelength study of 1ES 0647+250 000599004 260__ $$aLes Ulis$$bEDP Sciences$$c2023 000599004 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000599004 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000599004 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1705498116_1047649 000599004 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000599004 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000599004 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000599004 500__ $$aA&A 670, A49 (2023). 20 pages, 7 figures. Accepted in A&A. Corresponding authors: Jorge Otero-Santos; Daniel Morcuende; Vandad Fallah Ramazani; Daniela Dorner; David Paneque (mailto: contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de) 000599004 520__ $$aThe BL Lac object 1ES 0647+250 is one of the few distant $\gamma$-ray emitting blazars detected at very high energies (VHE, $\gtrsim$100 GeV) during a non-flaring state. It was detected with the MAGIC telescopes during its low activity in the years 2009-2011, as well as during three flaring activities in the years 2014, 2019 and 2020, with the highest VHE flux in the latter epoch. An extensive multi-instrument data set was collected within several coordinated observing campaigns throughout these years. We aim to characterise the long-term multi-band flux variability of 1ES 0647+250, as well as its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) during four distinct activity states selected in four different epochs, in order to constrain the physical parameters of the blazar emission region under certain assumptions. We evaluate the variability and correlation of the emission in the different energy bands with the fractional variability and the Z-transformed Discrete Correlation Function, as well as its spectral evolution in X-rays and $\gamma$ rays. Owing to the controversy in the redshift measurements of 1ES 0647+250 reported in the literature, we also estimate its distance in an indirect manner through the comparison of the GeV and TeV spectra from simultaneous observations with Fermi-LAT and MAGIC during the strongest flaring activity detected to date. Moreover, we interpret the SEDs from the four distinct activity states within the framework of one-component and two-component leptonic models, proposing specific scenarios that are able to reproduce the available multi-instrument data. 000599004 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613$$a613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)$$cPOF4-613$$fPOF IV$$x0 000599004 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, INSPIRE, Journals: bib-pubdb1.desy.de 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$ablazar: emission 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$amodel: leptonic 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aspectral 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aMAGIC 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aGeV 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aflux 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aredshift 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$agamma ray: VHE 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$agamma ray: energy spectrum 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$acorrelation function 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$acorrelation 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aTeV 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aGLAST 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$afractional 000599004 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aX-ray 000599004 693__ $$0EXP:(DE-H253)CTA-20150101$$5EXP:(DE-H253)CTA-20150101$$eCherenkov Telescope Array$$x0 000599004 693__ $$0EXP:(DE-H253)MAGIC-20170101$$5EXP:(DE-H253)MAGIC-20170101$$eMajor Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov$$x1 000599004 7001_ $$aAniello, T.$$b1 000599004 7001_ $$aAnsoldi, S.$$b2 000599004 7001_ $$aAntonelli, L. A.$$b3 000599004 7001_ $$aEngels, A. Arbet$$b4 000599004 7001_ $$aArcaro, C.$$b5 000599004 7001_ $$aArtero, M.$$b6 000599004 7001_ $$aAsano, K.$$b7 000599004 7001_ $$aBaack, D.$$b8 000599004 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1102839$$aBabić, A.$$b9 000599004 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1018501$$aBaquero, A.$$b10 000599004 7001_ $$ade Almeida, U. Barres$$b11 000599004 7001_ $$aBarrio, J. A.$$b12 000599004 7001_ $$aBatković, I.$$b13 000599004 7001_ $$aGonzález, J. 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