%0 Journal Article
%A Diez, Michael
%A Kirchberg, Henning
%A Galler, Andreas
%A Schulz, Sebastian
%A Biednov, Mykola
%A Bömer, Christina
%A Choi, Tae-Kyu
%A Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel
%A Gawelda, Wojciech
%A Khakhulin, Dmitry
%A Kubicek, Katharina
%A Lima, Frederico
%A Otte, Florian
%A Zalden, Peter
%A Coffee, Ryan
%A Thorwart, Michael
%A Bressler, Christian
%T A sensitive high repetition rate arrival time monitor for X-ray free electron lasers
%J Nature Communications
%V 14
%N 1
%@ 2041-1723
%C [London]
%I Nature Publishing Group UK
%M PUBDB-2023-06744
%P 2495
%D 2023
%X X-ray free-electron laser sources enable time-resolved X-ray studies with unmatched temporal resolution. To fully exploit ultrashort X-ray pulses, timing tools are essential. However, new high repetition rate X-ray facilities present challenges for currently used timing tool schemes. Here we address this issue by demonstrating a sensitive timing tool scheme to enhance experimental time resolution in pump-probe experiments at very high pulse repetition rates. Our method employs a self-referenced detection scheme using a time-sheared chirped optical pulse traversing an X-ray stimulated diamond plate. By formulating an effective medium theory, we confirm subtle refractive index changes, induced by sub-milli-Joule intense X-ray pulses, that are measured in our experiment. The system utilizes a Common-Path-Interferometer to detect X-ray-induced phase shifts of the optical probe pulse transmitted through the diamond sample. Owing to the thermal stability of diamond, our approach is well-suited for MHz pulse repetition rates in superconducting linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers.
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%$ 37120432
%U <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001022903400027
%R 10.1038/s41467-023-38143-y
%U https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/598133