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@ARTICLE{Bringmann:597831,
      author       = {Bringmann, Torsten and Gonzalo, Tomás E. and Kahlhoefer,
                      Felix and Matuszak, Jonas and Tasillo, Carlo},
      title        = {{H}unting {WIMP}s with {LISA}: {C}orrelating dark matter
                      and gravitational wave signals},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2023-06699, DESY-23-184. P3H-086. TTP-055.
                      arXiv:2311.06346},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {29 pages, 12 figures + appendices},
      abstract     = {The thermal freeze-out mechanism in its classical form is
                      tightly connected to physics beyond the Standard Model
                      around the electroweak scale, which has been the target of
                      enormous experimental efforts. In this work we study a dark
                      matter model in which freeze-out is triggered by a strong
                      first-order phase transition in a dark sector, and show that
                      this phase transition must also happen close to the
                      electroweak scale, i.e.~in the temperature range relevant
                      for gravitational wave searches with the LISA mission.
                      Specifically, we consider the spontaneous breaking of a
                      $U(1)^\prime$ gauge symmetry through the vacuum expectation
                      value of a scalar field, which generates the mass of a
                      fermionic dark matter candidate that subsequently
                      annihilates into dark Higgs and gauge bosons. In this set-up
                      the peak frequency of the gravitational wave background is
                      tightly correlated with the dark matter relic abundance, and
                      imposing the observed value for the latter implies that the
                      former must lie in the milli-Hertz range. A peculiar feature
                      of our set-up is that the dark sector is not necessarily in
                      thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model during the phase
                      transition, and hence the temperatures of the two sectors
                      evolve independently. Nevertheless, the requirement that the
                      universe does not enter an extended period of matter
                      domination after the phase transition, which would strongly
                      dilute any gravitational wave signal, places a lower bound
                      on the portal coupling that governs the entropy transfer
                      between the two sectors. As a result, the predictions for
                      the peak frequency of gravitational waves in the LISA band
                      are robust, while the amplitude can change depending on the
                      initial dark sector temperature.},
      keywords     = {gravitational radiation, frequency (INSPIRE) / scale,
                      electroweak interaction (INSPIRE) / symmetry, gauge
                      (INSPIRE) / freeze-out, thermal (INSPIRE) / fermion, dark
                      matter (INSPIRE) / dark matter, relic density (INSPIRE) /
                      gravitational radiation, background (INSPIRE) / fermion,
                      mass (INSPIRE) / field theory, scalar (INSPIRE) / critical
                      phenomena (INSPIRE) / temperature (INSPIRE) / LISA (INSPIRE)
                      / hidden sector (INSPIRE) / new physics (INSPIRE) / WIMP
                      (INSPIRE) / U(1) (INSPIRE) / entropy (INSPIRE) / gauge boson
                      (INSPIRE) / spontaneous symmetry breaking (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {T},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)T-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) /
                      ASYMMETRY - Essential Asymmetries of Nature (101086085) /
                      DFG project 396021762 - TRR 257: Phänomenologische
                      Elementarteilchenphysik nach der Higgs-Entdeckung
                      (396021762)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(EU-Grant)101086085 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)396021762},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      eprint       = {2311.06346},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2311.06346},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2311.06346;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2023-06699},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/597831},
}