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000593120 0247_ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2306.16213
000593120 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2023-05304
000593120 037__ $$aPUBDB-2023-05304
000593120 041__ $$aEnglish
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000593120 088__ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2306.16213
000593120 088__ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2306.16213
000593120 1001_ $$00000-0001-5134-3925$$aAgazie, Gabriella$$b0
000593120 245__ $$aThe NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-Wave Background
000593120 260__ $$aLondon$$bInstitute of Physics Publ.$$c2023
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000593120 500__ $$a30 pages, 18 figures. Published in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org
000593120 520__ $$aWe report multiple lines of evidence for a stochastic signal that is correlated among 67 pulsars from the 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves. The correlations follow the Hellings–Downs pattern expected for a stochastic gravitational-wave background. The presence of such a gravitational-wave background with a power-law spectrum is favored over a model with only independent pulsar noises with a Bayes factor in excess of 10$^{14}$, and this same model is favored over an uncorrelated common power-law spectrum model with Bayes factors of 200–1000, depending on spectral modeling choices. We have built a statistical background distribution for the latter Bayes factors using a method that removes interpulsar correlations from our data set, finding p = 10$^{−3}$ (≈3σ) for the observed Bayes factors in the null no-correlation scenario. A frequentist test statistic built directly as a weighted sum of interpulsar correlations yields p = 5 × 10$^{−5}$ to 1.9 × 10$^{−4}$ (≈3.5σ–4σ). Assuming a fiducial f$^{−2/3}$ characteristic strain spectrum, as appropriate for an ensemble of binary supermassive black hole inspirals, the strain amplitude is (median + 90% credible interval) at a reference frequency of 1 yr$^{−1}$. The inferred gravitational-wave background amplitude and spectrum are consistent with astrophysical expectations for a signal from a population of supermassive black hole binaries, although more exotic cosmological and astrophysical sources cannot be excluded. The observation of Hellings–Downs correlations points to the gravitational-wave origin of this signal.
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000593120 536__ $$0G:(GEPRIS)390833306$$aDFG project G:(GEPRIS)390833306 - EXC 2121: Quantum Universe (390833306)$$c390833306$$x1
000593120 536__ $$0G:(GEPRIS)269952272$$aGRK 2149 - GRK 2149: Starke und schwache Wechselwirkung - von Hadronen zu Dunkler Materie (269952272)$$c269952272$$x2
000593120 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, INSPIRE, Journals: bib-pubdb1.desy.de
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000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-8935-9882$$aAnumarlapudi, Akash$$b1
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-0638-3340$$aArchibald, Anne M.$$b2
000593120 7001_ $$aArzoumanian, Zaven$$b3
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-2745-753X$$aBaker, Paul T.$$b4
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-0909-5563$$aBécsy, Bence$$b5
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2183-1087$$aBlecha, Laura$$b6
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-6341-7178$$aBrazier, Adam$$b7
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-3053-6538$$aBrook, Paul R.$$b8
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-4052-7838$$aBurke-Spolaor, Sarah$$b9
000593120 7001_ $$aBurnette, Rand$$b10
000593120 7001_ $$aCase, Robin$$b11
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-3579-2522$$aCharisi, Maria$$b12
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2878-1502$$aChatterjee, Shami$$b13
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-5833-413X$$aChatziioannou, Katerina$$b14
000593120 7001_ $$aCheeseboro, Belinda D.$$b15
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-3118-5963$$aChen, Siyuan$$b16
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-7587-5483$$aCohen, Tyler$$b17
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-4049-1882$$aCordes, James M.$$b18
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-7435-0869$$aCornish, Neil J.$$b19
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2578-0360$$aCrawford, Fronefield$$b20
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-6039-692X$$aCromartie, H. Thankful$$b21
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-1529-5169$$aCrowter, Kathryn$$b22
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2080-1468$$aCutler, Curt J.$$b23
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2185-1790$$aDeCesar, Megan E.$$b24
000593120 7001_ $$aDeGan, Dallas$$b25
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-6664-965X$$aDemorest, Paul B.$$b26
000593120 7001_ $$aDeng, Heling$$b27
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-8885-6388$$aDolch, Timothy$$b28
000593120 7001_ $$aDrachler, Brendan$$b29
000593120 7001_ $$aEllis, Justin A.$$b30
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-7828-7708$$aFerrara, Elizabeth C.$$b31
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5645-5336$$aFiore, William$$b32
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-8384-5049$$aFonseca, Emmanuel$$b33
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-7624-4616$$aFreedman, Gabriel E.$$b34
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-6166-9646$$aGarver-Daniels, Nate$$b35
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-8158-683X$$aGentile, Peter A.$$b36
000593120 7001_ $$aGersbach, Kyle A.$$b37
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-4090-9780$$aGlaser, Joseph$$b38
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-1884-348X$$aGood, Deborah C.$$b39
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-1146-0198$$aGültekin, Kayhan$$b40
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-2742-3321$$aHazboun, Jeffrey S.$$b41
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-9152-0719$$aHourihane, Sophie$$b42
000593120 7001_ $$aIslo, Kristina$$b43
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-1082-2342$$aJennings, Ross J.$$b44
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-7445-8423$$aJohnson, Aaron D.$$b45
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-6607-3710$$aJones, Megan L.$$b46
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-3654-980X$$aKaiser, Andrew R.$$b47
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-6295-2881$$aKaplan, David L.$$b48
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-6625-6450$$aKelley, Luke Zoltan$$b49
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-0893-4073$$aKerr, Matthew$$b50
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-0123-7600$$aKey, Joey S.$$b51
000593120 7001_ $$aKlein, Tonia C.$$b52
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-9197-7604$$aLaal, Nima$$b53
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-0721-651X$$aLam, Michael T.$$b54
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-1096-4156$$aLamb, William G.$$b55
000593120 7001_ $$aW. Lazio, T. Joseph$$b56
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-0771-6581$$aLewandowska, Natalia$$b57
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-9574-578X$$aLittenberg, Tyson B.$$b58
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5766-4287$$aLiu, Tingting$$b59
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-4137-7536$$aLommen, Andrea$$b60
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-1301-966X$$aLorimer, Duncan R.$$b61
000593120 7001_ $$aLuo, Jing$$b62
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5229-7430$$aLynch, Ryan S.$$b63
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-4430-102X$$aMa, Chung-Pei$$b64
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-2285-0404$$aMadison, Dustin R.$$b65
000593120 7001_ $$aMattson, Margaret A.$$b66
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5481-7559$$aMcEwen, Alexander$$b67
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2885-8485$$aMcKee, James W.$$b68
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-7697-7422$$aMcLaughlin, Maura A.$$b69
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-4642-1260$$aMcMann, Natasha$$b70
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-8845-1225$$aMeyers, Bradley W.$$b71
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2689-0190$$aMeyers, Patrick M.$$b72
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-4307-1322$$aMingarelli, Chiara M. F.$$b73
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000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-5554-8896$$aNatarajan, Priyamvada$$b75
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-3616-5160$$aNg, Cherry$$b76
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-6709-2566$$aNice, David J.$$b77
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-4941-5333$$aOcker, Stella Koch$$b78
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2027-3714$$aOlum, Ken D.$$b79
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5465-2889$$aPennucci, Timothy T.$$b80
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-8509-5947$$aPerera, Benetge B. P.$$b81
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5681-4319$$aPetrov, Polina$$b82
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-8826-1285$$aPol, Nihan S.$$b83
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2074-4360$$aRadovan, Henri A.$$b84
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-5799-9714$$aRansom, Scott M.$$b85
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-5297-5278$$aRay, Paul S.$$b86
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-4915-3246$$aRomano, Joseph D.$$b87
000593120 7001_ $$00009-0006-5476-3603$$aSardesai, Shashwat C.$$b88
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-4391-936X$$aSchmiedekamp, Ann$$b89
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-1283-2184$$aSchmiedekamp, Carl$$b90
000593120 7001_ $$aSchmitz, Kai$$b91
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-6425-7807$$aSchult, Levi$$b92
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-7283-1124$$aShapiro-Albert, Brent J.$$b93
000593120 7001_ $$aSiemens, Xavier$$b94
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-1407-6607$$aSimon, Joseph$$b95
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-1530-9778$$aSiwek, Magdalena S.$$b96
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-9784-8670$$aStairs, Ingrid H.$$b97
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-1797-3277$$aStinebring, Daniel R.$$b98
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-7261-594X$$aStovall, Kevin$$b99
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-7933-493X$$aSun, Jerry P.$$b100
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2820-0931$$aSusobhanan, Abhimanyu$$b101
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-1075-3837$$aSwiggum, Joseph K.$$b102
000593120 7001_ $$aTaylor, Jacob$$b103
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-8217-1599$$aTaylor, Stephen R.$$b104
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-2451-7288$$aTurner, Jacob E.$$b105
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-8800-0192$$aUnal, Caner$$b106
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-4162-0033$$aVallisneri, Michele$$b107
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-6428-2620$$avan Haasteren, Rutger$$b108
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0003-4700-9072$$aVigeland, Sarah J.$$b109$$eCorresponding author
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0001-9678-0299$$aWahl, Haley M.$$b110
000593120 7001_ $$aWang, Qiaohong$$b111
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-6020-9274$$aWitt, Caitlin A.$$b112
000593120 7001_ $$00000-0002-0883-0688$$aYoung, Olivia$$b113
000593120 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2006858-X$$gVol. 951, no. 1, p. L8 -$$x2041-8213$$y2023
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