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@ARTICLE{Engel:587908,
      author       = {Engel, Robin Y. and Alexander, Oliver and Atak, Kaan and
                      Bovensiepen, Uwe and Buck, Jens and Carley, Robert and
                      Cascella, Michele and Chardonnet, Valentin and Chiuzbaian,
                      Gheorghe Sorin and David, Christian and Döring, Florian and
                      Eschenlohr, Andrea and Gerasimova, Natalia and de Groot,
                      Frank and Guyader, Loïc Le and Humphries, Oliver S. and
                      Izquierdo, Manuel and Jal, Emmanuelle and Kubec, Adam and
                      Laarmann, Tim and Lambert, Charles-Henri and Lüning, Jan
                      and Marangos, Jonathan P. and Mercadier, Laurent and
                      Mercurio, Giuseppe and Miedema, Piter S. and Ollefs,
                      Katharina and Pfau, Bastian and Rösner, Benedikt and
                      Rossnagel, Kai and Rothenbach, Nico and Scherz, Andreas and
                      Schlappa, Justine and Scholz, Markus and Schunck, Jan O. and
                      Setoodehnia, Kiana and Stamm, Christian and Techert, Simone
                      and Vinko, Sam M. and Wende, Heiko and Yaroslavtsev,
                      Alexander A. and Yin, Zhong and Beye, Martin},
      title        = {{E}lectron {P}opulation {D}ynamics in {R}esonant
                      {N}on-{L}inear {X}-ray {A}bsorption in {N}ickel at a
                      {F}ree-{E}lectron {L}aser},
      journal      = {Structural dynamics},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2329-7778},
      address      = {Melville, NY},
      publisher    = {AIP Publishing LLC},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2023-04604, arXiv:2211.17008},
      pages        = {054501},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and
                      monochromatic X-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic
                      mea-surements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution:
                      The high fluence of their X-ray pulses can also easily
                      enterthe regime of non-linear X-ray-matter interaction.
                      Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and
                      reliableprediction of the relevant non-linear processes for
                      future experiment designs. Here we show non-linear changes
                      in theL3-edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films,
                      measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple
                      but pre-dictive rate model that quantitatively describes
                      spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic
                      populations withinthe pulse duration. Despite its
                      simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with
                      experimental results over more thanthree orders of magnitude
                      in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding
                      of the interplay of physical pro-cesses driving the
                      non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights
                      for the design and evaluation of futurehigh-fluence
                      free-electron laser experiments, and contribute to the
                      understanding of non-linear electron dynamics inX-ray
                      absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond
                      timescale.},
      cin          = {FS-FLASH / XFEL-User / $XFEL_E2_SCS$ / FS-SXQM / FS-PS /
                      FS-SCS},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-FLASH-20140814 /
                      I:(DE-H253)XFEL-User-20170713 /
                      $I:(DE-H253)XFEL_E2_SCS-20210408$ /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-SXQM-20190201 / I:(DE-H253)FS-PS-20131107 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-SCS-20131031},
      pnm          = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
                      (POF4-631) / VH-NG-1105 - Novel soft X-ray spectroscopies
                      for materials science $(2016_IVF-VH-NG-1105)$ / DFG project
                      278162697 - SFB 1242: Nichtgleichgewichtsdynamik
                      kondensierter Materie in der Zeitdomäne (278162697) /
                      FS-Proposal: I-20160880 (I-20160880)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631 / $G:(DE-HGF)2016_IVF-VH-NG-1105$ /
                      G:(GEPRIS)278162697 / G:(DE-H253)I-20160880},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)XFEL-SCS-20150101 /
                      EXP:(DE-H253)XFEL-SASE3-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2211.17008},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2211.17008},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2211.17008;\%\%$},
      pubmed       = {37841290},
      UT           = {WOS:001082350300001},
      doi          = {10.1063/4.0000206},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/587908},
}