000587504 001__ 587504 000587504 005__ 20250715173457.0 000587504 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41598-023-38059-z 000587504 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2023-04342 000587504 0247_ $$2pmid$$a37422480 000587504 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:001026178300017 000587504 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W4383621551 000587504 037__ $$aPUBDB-2023-04342 000587504 041__ $$aEnglish 000587504 082__ $$a600 000587504 1001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1090670$$aTimmermann, Sonja$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000587504 245__ $$aX-ray driven and intrinsic dynamics in protein gels 000587504 260__ $$a[London]$$bMacmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature$$c2023 000587504 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000587504 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000587504 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1690364133_340330 000587504 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000587504 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000587504 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000587504 520__ $$aWe use X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to investigate how structure and dynamics of egg white protein gels are affected by X-ray dose and dose rate. We find that both, changes in structure and beam-induced dynamics, depend on the viscoelastic properties of the gels with soft gels prepared at low temperatures being more sensitive to beam-induced effects. Soft gels can be fluidized by X-ray doses of a few kGy with a crossover from stress relaxation dynamics (Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts exponents $k \approx 1.5-2$) to typical dynamical heterogeneous behavior ($k<$1) while the high temperature egg white gels are radiation-stable up to doses of 15 kGy with $k\geq 1.5 $. For all gel samples we observe a crossover from equilibrium dynamics to beam induced motion upon increasing X-ray fluence and determine the resulting fluence threshold values $\Phi_D$. Surprisingly small threshold values of $\Phi_D=(3 \pm 2)\times10^{-3} \:\mathrm{ph\:s^{-1}\:nm^{-2}} $ can drive the dynamics in the soft gels while for stronger gels this threshold is increased to $\Phi_D=(0.9 \pm 0.3) \:\mathrm{ph\:s^{-1}\:nm^{-2}}$. We explain our observations with the viscoelastic properties of the materials and can connect the threshold dose for structural beam damage with the dynamic properties of beam-induced motion. Our results suggest that soft viscoelastic materials can display pronounced X-ray driven motion even for low X-ray fluences. This induced motion is not detectable by static scattering as it appears at dose values well below the static damage threshold. 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