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@ARTICLE{Ruiter:581023,
      author       = {Ruiter, Iris de and Meyers, Zachary Samuel and Rowlinson,
                      Antonia and Shimwell, Timothy W. and Wijers, Ralph A. M. J.},
      title        = {{T}ransient study using {L}o{TSS} - framework development
                      and preliminaryresults},
      journal      = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
      volume       = {531},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0035-8711},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2023-01522},
      pages        = {4805-4822},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {We present a search for transient radio sources on
                      time-scales of seconds to hours at 144 MHz using the LOFAR
                      Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). This search is conducted by
                      examining short time-scale images derived from the LoTSS
                      data. To allow imaging of LoTSS on short time-scales, a
                      modern imaging procedure and fast filtering strategy are
                      introduced. This includes sky model source subtraction, no
                      cleaning or primary beam correction, a simple source finder,
                      fast filtering schemes, and source catalogue matching. This
                      new strategy is first tested by injecting simulated
                      transients, with a range of flux densities and durations,
                      into the data. We find the limiting sensitivity to be 113
                      and 6 mJy for 8 s and 1 h transients, respectively. The new
                      imaging and filtering strategies are applied to 58 fields of
                      the LoTSS survey, corresponding to LoTSS-DR1 (2 per cent of
                      the survey). One transient source is identified in the 8 s
                      and 2 min snapshot images. The source shows 1 min duration
                      flare in the 8 h observation. Our method puts the most
                      sensitive constraints on/estimates of the transient surface
                      density at low frequencies at time-scales of seconds to
                      hours; <4.0 × 10$^{−4}$ deg$^{−2}$ at 1 h at a
                      sensitivity of 6.3 mJy; 5.7 × 10$^{−7}$ deg$^{−2}$ at
                      2 min at a sensitivity of 30 mJy; and 3.6 ×
                      10$^{−8}$ deg$^{−2}$ at 8 s at a sensitivity of 113
                      mJy. In the future, we plan to apply the strategies
                      presented in this paper to all LoTSS data.},
      cin          = {Z-RAD},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)Z-RAD-20210408},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)RNO-G-20230101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001253064300001},
      doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stae1458},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/581023},
}