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@ARTICLE{Stornati:580278,
      author       = {Stornati, Paolo and Krah, Philipp and Jansen, Karl and
                      Banerjee, Debasish},
      title        = {{C}rystalline phases at finite winding densities in a
                      quantum link ladder},
      journal      = {Physical review / D},
      volume       = {107},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2470-0010},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2023-01184, arXiv:2208.01964},
      pages        = {L031504},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {8 pages, 7 figures},
      abstract     = {Condensed matter physics of gauge theories coupled to
                      fermions can exhibit a rich phase structure, but are
                      nevertheless very difficult to study in Monte Carlo
                      simulations when they are afflicted by a sign problem. As an
                      alternate approach, we use tensor network methods to explore
                      the finite density physics of Abelian gauge theories without
                      dynamical matter. As a concrete example, we consider the
                      U(1) gauge invariant quantum link ladder with spin-12 gauge
                      fields in an external electric field, which causes the
                      winding electric fluxes to condense in the ground state. We
                      demonstrate how the electric flux tubes arrange themselves
                      in the bulk, giving rise to crystalline patterns, whose
                      period can be controlled by tuning the external field. We
                      propose observables to detect the transitions in ground
                      state properties not only in numerical experiments, but also
                      in future cold-atom realizations. A systematic procedure for
                      reaching the thermodynamic limit, as well as extending the
                      studies from ladders to extended geometries is outlined.},
      keywords     = {flux tube: electric (INSPIRE) / invariance: gauge (INSPIRE)
                      / gauge field theory: abelian (INSPIRE) / density: finite
                      (INSPIRE) / numerical calculations: Monte Carlo (INSPIRE) /
                      ground state (INSPIRE) / external field (INSPIRE) /
                      thermodynamical (INSPIRE) / network (INSPIRE) / crystal
                      (INSPIRE) / geometry (INSPIRE) / condensed matter (INSPIRE)
                      / U(1) (INSPIRE) / electric field (INSPIRE) / critical
                      phenomena (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {CQTA},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)CQTA-20221102},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / STREDCH
                      - Structured electric-dipole-based chirality (101029393) /
                      GRK 2433 - GRK 2433: Differentialgleichungs- und
                      Daten-basierte Modelle in den Lebenswissenschaften und der
                      Fluiddynamik (DAEDALUS) (384950143)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(EU-Grant)101029393 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)384950143},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2208.01964},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2208.01964},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2208.01964;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:000943018500003},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.107.L031504},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/580278},
}