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@ARTICLE{Chung:491404,
      author       = {Chung, Woo-Sik and Haeusler, Andre and Hummel, Marc and
                      Olowinsky, Alexander and Gillner, Arnold and Beckmann, Felix
                      and Moosmann, Julian},
      title        = {{I}n-situ x-ray phase contrast observation of the full
                      penetration spot welding on limited aluminum material
                      thickness},
      journal      = {Journal of laser applications},
      volume       = {34},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1042-346X},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Laser Inst. of America},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2023-00128},
      pages        = {042019},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The laser-spot welding process of aluminum alloy 1050A with
                      a limited thickness is observed with the x-ray phase
                      contrast method to investigate the melt dynamic especially
                      when the melt penetrates the material. The laser-spot
                      welding is investigated with two different wavelengths of
                      the laser beam source: 515 and 1030 nm to investigate the
                      influence of the absorptivity. The melt progressively
                      penetrates the material during the spot-welding process
                      until reaching the bottom side of the material and when the
                      melt penetrates the lower side of the material, the
                      so-called “lens-like” melt appears at the lower side due
                      to the surface tension. At a comparable beam intensity
                      value, the oscillation of the “lens-like” melt at the
                      lower side of the material is driven by the expansion of
                      vapor capillary. This expansion occurs inside of the
                      material and directly above the “lens-like” melt. The
                      shape of the expanded vapor determines the volume as well as
                      the geometry of the resulting melt volume. Furthermore, the
                      transition from the heat conduction welding mode to the
                      keyhole welding mode is investigated by defocusing the laser
                      beam for the beam source with a 515 nm wavelength. At a
                      given variation, a clear difference between either mode is
                      observed with the x-ray phase contrast method.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / Hereon},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal: I-20191140
                      (I-20191140) / SFB 1120 A01 - Steuerung von Geometrie und
                      Metallurgie beim Laserstrahl-Mikroschweißen durch
                      Beeinflussung der Schmelzbaddynamik über örtlich und
                      zeitlich angepassten Energieeintrag (A01) (260036706)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20191140 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)260036706},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000892148800001},
      doi          = {10.2351/7.0000772},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/491404},
}