TY - JOUR AU - Kaufmann, Florian AU - Forster, Carola AU - Hummel, Marc AU - Olowinsky, Alexander AU - Beckmann, Felix AU - Moosmann, Julian AU - Roth, Stephan AU - Schmidt, Michael TI - Characterization of Vapor Capillary Geometry in Laser Beam Welding of Copper with 515 nm and 1030 nm Laser Beam Sources by Means of In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Imaging JO - Metals VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 2075-4701 CY - Basel PB - MDPI M1 - PUBDB-2023-00102 SP - 135 PY - 2023 AB - Laser welding of copper is being used with increasing demand for contacting applications in electric components such as batteries, power electronics, and electric drives. With its local, non-contact energy input and high automation capability enabling reproducible weld quality, this joining technology represents a key enabler of future mobility systems. However, a major challenge in process design is the combination of energy efficiency and precise process guidance in terms of weld seam depth and defect prevention (i.e., spatter and melt ejections) due to the high electrical and thermal conductivity of copper. High-power lasers in the near infrared wavelength range (𝜆 ≈ 1 μm) and excellent beam quality provide an established joining solution for this purpose; nevertheless, the low absorptivity (≤5 LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)16 UR - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000918947900001 DO - DOI:10.3390/met13010135 UR - https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/491347 ER -