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@ARTICLE{Pipintakos:486075,
      author       = {Pipintakos, Georgios and Soenen, Hilde and Goderis, Bart
                      and Blom, Johan and Lu, Xiaohu},
      title        = {{C}rystallinity of {B}itumen via {WAXD} and {DSC} and {I}ts
                      {E}ffect on the {S}urface {M}icrostructure},
      journal      = {Crystals},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {2073-4352},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2022-07075},
      pages        = {755},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {It is well documented that most bituminous binders contain
                      crystallisable material. This crystallisable fraction, often
                      referred to as paraffinic or natural wax, is associated with
                      the bitumen’s origin and has an influence on its
                      rheological performance. In the literature, Differential
                      Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is the primary technique used to
                      determine the melting and crystallisation behaviour of this
                      waxy fraction. However, in bitumen, thermal transitions in
                      DSC are typically very broad and can be combined with
                      recrystallisation effects upon reheating. This work explores
                      the potential crystallisation and melting process of a waxy
                      and a wax-free bitumen via three different approaches: DSC,
                      Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Confocal Laser
                      Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The findings reveal that the DSC
                      transitions of the waxy bitumen are in good agreement with
                      the corresponding occurrence of WAXD signals and to some
                      extent with the formation and disappearance of the surface
                      microstructures which were followed at two cooling and
                      heating rates. WAXD results additionally demonstrate that
                      the crystalline material in bitumen is organised in an
                      orthorhombic unit cell, typical for straight chain aliphatic
                      structures. On the other hand, DSC and WAXD support the lack
                      of crystallinity for the wax-free bitumen which could
                      explain its featureless CLSM surface. Overall, the
                      originality of this work resides in the disclosure of
                      connections between crystallographic properties, thermal
                      transitions and the surface micromorphology of bitumen.},
      cin          = {EMBL-User},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)EMBL-User-20120814},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)D-D1.2-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000816648200001},
      doi          = {10.3390/cryst12060755},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/486075},
}