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@ARTICLE{Aguilar:485829,
      author       = {Aguilar, J. A. and Anker, A. and Allison, P. and
                      Archambault, S. and Baldi, P. and Barwick, S. W. and Beatty,
                      J. J. and Beise, J. and Besson, D. and Bishop, A. and
                      Bondarev, E. and Botner, O. and Bouma, S. and Buitink, S.
                      and Cataldo, M. and Chen, C. C. and Chen, C. H. and Chen, P.
                      and Chen, Y. C. and Choi, T. and Clark, B. A. and Clay, W.
                      and Curtis-Ginsberg, Z. and Connolly, A. and Cremonesi, L.
                      and Dasgupta, P. and Davies, J. and de Kockere, S. and de
                      Vries, K. D. and Deaconu, C. and DuVernois, M. A. and
                      Flaherty, J. and Friedman, E. and Gaior, R. and Gaswint, G.
                      and Glaser, C. and Hallgren, A. and Hallmann, S. and Ham,
                      Y.-B. and Hanson, J. C. and Harty, N. and Hendricks, B. and
                      Hoffman, K. D. and Hong, E. and Hornhuber, C. and Hsu, S. Y.
                      and Hu, L. and Huang, J. J. and Huang, M.-H. and Hughes, K.
                      and Ishihara, A. and Jee, G. and Jung, J. and Karle, A. and
                      Kelley, J. L. and Klein, S. R. and Kleinfelder, S. A. and
                      Kim, J. and Kim, K.-C. and Kim, M.-C. and Kravchenko, I. and
                      Krebs, R. and Ku, Y. and Kuo, C. Y. and Kurusu, K. and Kwon,
                      Hyuck-Jin and Lahmann, R. and Landsman, H. and Latif, U. and
                      Lee, C. and Leung, C.-H. and Li, C.-J. and Liu, J. and Liu,
                      T.-C. and Lu, M.-Y. and Madison, K. and Mammo, J. and Mase,
                      K. and McAleer, S. and Meures, T. and Meyers, Z. S. and
                      Michaels, K. and Mikhailova, M. and Mulrey, K. and Nam, J.
                      and Nichol, R. J. and Nir, G. and Nelles, A. and Novikov, A.
                      and Nozdrina, A. and Oberla, E. and Oeyen, B. and Osborn, J.
                      and Pan, Y. and Pandya, H. and Paul, M. P. and Persichilli,
                      C. and Pfendner, C. and Plaisier, Ilse and Punsuebsay, N.
                      and Pyras, L. and Rice-Smith, R. and Roth, J. and Ryckbosch,
                      D. and Scholten, O. and Seckel, D. and Seikh, M. F. H. and
                      Shiao, Y.-S. and Shin, B.-K. and Shultz, A. and Smith, D.
                      and Southall, D. and Tatar, J. and Torres, J. and Toscano,
                      S. and Tosi, D. and Touart, J. and Van Den Broeck, D. J. and
                      van Eijndhoven, N. and Varner, G. S. and Vieregg, A. G. and
                      Wang, M.-Z. and Wang, S.-H. and Wang, Y. H. and Welling, C.
                      and Williams, D. R. and Wissel, S. and Xie, C. and Yoshida,
                      S. and Young, R. and Zhao, L. and Zink, A.},
      title        = {{T}riboelectric backgrounds to radio-based polar ultra-high
                      energy neutrino ({UHEN}) experiments},
      journal      = {Astroparticle physics},
      volume       = {145},
      issn         = {0927-6505},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2022-06878, arXiv:2103.06079},
      pages        = {102790},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {In the hopes of observing the highest-energy neutrinos (E>1
                      EeV) populating the Universe, both past (RICE, AURA, ANITA)
                      and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA, ARA and TAROGE-M) polar-sited
                      experiments exploit the impulsive radio emission produced by
                      neutrino interactions. In such experiments, rare single
                      event candidates must be unambiguously identified above
                      backgrounds. Background rejection strategies to date
                      primarily target thermal noise fluctuations and also
                      impulsive radio-frequency signals of anthropogenic origin.
                      In this paper, we consider the possibility that ‘fake’
                      neutrino signals may also be generated naturally via the
                      ‘triboelectric effect.’ This broadly describes any
                      process in which force applied at a boundary layer results
                      in displacement of surface charge, leading to the production
                      of an electrostatic potential difference ΔV. Wind blowing
                      over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a
                      potential difference, with subsequent coronal discharge.
                      Discharges over timescales as short as nanoseconds can then
                      lead to radio-frequency emissions at characteristic
                      MHz–GHz frequencies. Using data from various past (RICE,
                      AURA, SATRA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA and ARA)
                      neutrino experiments, we find evidence for such backgrounds,
                      which are generally characterized by: (a) a threshold wind
                      velocity which likely depends on the experimental trigger
                      criteria and layout; for the experiments considered herein,
                      this value is typically O(10 m/s), (b) frequency spectra
                      generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to
                      which current radio experiments are typically sensitive
                      (100–200 MHz), (c) for the strongest background signals,
                      an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface
                      structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower
                      amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded.},
      keywords     = {neutrino, UHE (INSPIRE) / cosmic radiation, UHE (INSPIRE) /
                      potential, electrostatic (INSPIRE) / noise, thermal
                      (INSPIRE) / neutrino, interaction (INSPIRE) / charge,
                      surface (INSPIRE) / frequency, spectrum (INSPIRE) /
                      background (INSPIRE) / ARIANNA (INSPIRE) / ANITA (INSPIRE) /
                      fluctuation (INSPIRE) / radio wave (INSPIRE) / structure
                      (INSPIRE) / velocity (INSPIRE) / trigger (INSPIRE) /
                      Neutrino (autogen) / Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (autogen)
                      / Background rejection (autogen) / Triboelectric effect
                      (autogen)},
      cin          = {Z-RAD},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)Z-RAD-20210408},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000892600400003},
      eprint       = {2103.06079},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2103.06079},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2103.06079;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2022.102790},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/485829},
}