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@ARTICLE{Yang:478380,
      author       = {Yang, Rui-zhi and Li, Guang-Xing and Cui, Yu-Dong and de
                      Ona Wilhelmi, Emma Maria and Liu, Bing and Aharonian, Felix},
      title        = {{E}ffective {S}hielding of ≲ 10 {G}e{V} {C}osmic {R}ays
                      from {D}ense{M}olecular {C}lumps},
      journal      = {Nature astronomy},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2397-3366},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2022-02582, arXiv:2301.06716},
      pages        = {351 - 358},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Nat Astron (2023). Published in Nature Astronomy},
      abstract     = {The density of cosmic rays inside molecular clouds
                      determines the ionization rate in the dense cores where
                      stars form. It is also one of the drivers of astrochemistry
                      leading to the creation of complex molecules. Through Fermi
                      Large Area Telescope observations of nearby giant molecular
                      clouds, we observed deficits (holes) in the gamma-ray
                      residual map when modelling with the expected gamma-ray
                      diffuse emission from uniform cosmic rays interacting with
                      the molecular content. We propose that the deficit is due to
                      the lack of penetration of the low-energy (sub-GeV to GeV)
                      cosmic rays into denser regions or clumps. This differs from
                      the prevailing view of fast cosmic ray transport in giant
                      molecular clouds where the magnetic turbulence is suppressed
                      by neutral-ion damping, as our results require a slow
                      diffusion inside dense molecular clumps. Through modelling
                      we find that while the shielding is negligible on the cloud
                      scale, it becomes important in the denser, parsec-sized
                      regions where the gravitational collapse is already at play,
                      changing the initial condition of star formation and
                      astrochemistry.},
      cin          = {$Z_GA$},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_GA-20210408$},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)Fermi-20170101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2301.06716},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2301.06716},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2301.06716;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:000913490000006},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41550-022-01868-9},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/478380},
}