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@ARTICLE{Garland:473097,
      author       = {Garland, J. M. and Tauscher, G. and Bohlen, S. and Boyle,
                      G. J. and D'Arcy, Richard and Goldberg, L. and Põder, K.
                      and Schaper, L. and Schmidt, B. and Osterhoff, Jens},
      title        = {{C}ombining {L}aser {I}nterferometry and {P}lasma
                      {S}pectroscopy for {S}patially {R}esolved
                      {H}igh-{S}ensitivity {P}lasma {D}ensity {M}easurements in
                      {D}ischarge {C}apillaries},
      journal      = {Review of scientific instruments},
      volume       = {92},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0034-6748},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2021-05455},
      pages        = {013505},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors acknowledge funding from the
                      Helmholtz Matter and Technologies Accelerator Research and
                      Development program and the Helmholtz IuVF ZT-0009 grant.},
      abstract     = {Precise characterization and tailoring of the spatial and
                      temporal evolution of plasma density within plasma sources
                      are critical for realizing high-quality accelerated beams in
                      plasma wakefield accelerators. The simultaneous use of two
                      independent diagnostics allowed the temporally and spatially
                      resolved detection of plasma density with unprecedented
                      sensitivity and enabled the characterization of the plasma
                      temperature in discharge capillaries for times later than
                      0.5 µs after the initiation of the discharge, at which
                      point the plasma is at local thermodynamic equilibrium. A
                      common-path two-color laser interferometer for obtaining the
                      average plasma density with a sensitivity of 2 × 10$^{17}$
                      cm$^{−2}$ was developed together with a plasma emission
                      spectrometer for analyzing spectral line broadening profiles
                      with a resolution of 5 × 10$^{15}$ cm$^{-3}$. Both
                      diagnostics show good agreement when applying the spectral
                      line broadening analysis methodology of Gigosos and
                      Cardeñoso in the temperature range of 0.5 eV–5.0 eV. For
                      plasma with densities of 0.5–2.5 × 10$^{17}$ cm$^{−3}$,
                      temperatures of 1 eV–7 eV were indirectly measured by
                      combining the diagnostic information. Measured
                      longitudinally resolved plasma density profiles exhibit a
                      clear temporal evolution from an initial flat-top to a
                      Gaussian-like shape in the first microseconds as material is
                      ejected out from the capillary. These measurements pave the
                      way for highly detailed parameter tuning in plasma sources
                      for particle accelerators and beam optics.},
      cin          = {MPA / MPA2 / MPY},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)MPA-20200816 / I:(DE-H253)MPA2-20210408 /
                      I:(DE-H253)MPY-20120731},
      pnm          = {621 - Accelerator Research and Development (POF4-621)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-621},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33514233},
      UT           = {WOS:000609450200001},
      doi          = {10.1063/5.0021117},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/473097},
}