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@TECHREPORT{Shtyrkova:472530,
      author       = {Shtyrkova, Katia and Kärtner, Franz and Callahan, Patrick
                      Timothy and watts, michael and ippen, erich},
      title        = {{M}ethods and {A}pparatus for {M}ode-{L}ocking on-{C}hip
                      {L}asers},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2021-05083},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {An artificial saturable absorber uses additive pulse
                      mode-locking to enable pulse operation of an on-chip laser
                      operationFour different artificial saturable absorbers are
                      disclosed. The first includes an integrated coupler, two
                      arms each containing someimplementation of the
                      end-reflector, and a phase bias element in one arm. The
                      second includes an integrated directional coupler,
                      twointegrated waveguide arms, and another integrated coupler
                      as an output. The third includes an integrated birefringent
                      element, integratedbirefringent-free waveguide, and
                      integrated polarizer. And the fourth includes a multimode
                      waveguide that allows for different modes © to propagate in
                      such a way that the difference in the spatial distribution
                      of intensity causes a nonlinear phase difference between
                      the00 modes. These are just some examples of an on-chip
                      fully integrated artificial saturable absorber with
                      instantaneous recovery time thatf , allow for generation of
                      sub-femtosecond optical pulses at high repetition rates
                      using passive mode-locking.},
      cin          = {CFEL-ULOCM},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)CFEL-ULOCM-20160928},
      pnm          = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
                      (POF4-631)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)CFEL-Exp-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)23},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/472530},
}