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000456284 1001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1008369$$aMelke, Julia$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000456284 245__ $$aInvestigating the Effect of Microstructure and Surface Functionalization of Mesoporous N-Doped Carbons on V$^{4+}$/V$^{5+}$ Kinetics
000456284 260__ $$aWashington, DC$$bACS Publications$$c2020
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000456284 520__ $$aState-of-the-art electrode materials for all-vanadium redox flow batteries are based on carbon. Unfortunately, the impact of the carbon structure, i.e., microstructure/crystallinity, surface functional groups, and porosity/morphology/surface area, on the electrochemical performance is still unclear. This is due to the fact that usually several structural characteristics are varied due to synthesis or post-treatment procedures at the same time. Therefore, this paper shows systematically how microstructure, porosity, and surface functional groups vary with carbonization and graphitization temperature (ranging from 700 to 1500 °C) for a mesoporous N-doped carbon (MPNC). Changes in the material’s structure (e.g., morphology, porosity, crystal structure, surface functionalization), determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (pair distribution function analysis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and N2 sorption measurements, are correlated to changes in wettability, conductivity, and electrochemical kinetics, investigated by H$_2$O sorption measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the VOV$^{2+}$ electrolyte, respectively. We found that the kinetics of the VO$^{2+}$/VO$_2$$^{+}$ reaction increases with an increase in sp$^{2}$-C content and therefore an increase in crystallite size and conductivity of the mesoporous N-doped carbon. Nevertheless, the largest current for the VO$^{2+}$/VO$_2$$^{+}$ reaction for the same amount of carbon during cyclic voltammetry is observed for the MPNC carbonized at an intermediate temperature, 1000 °C, as a result of its larger wettability and thus available surface area compared to the MPNC carbonized at 1500 °C.
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000456284 7001_ $$aMartin, Julian$$b1
000456284 7001_ $$aBruns, Michael$$b2
000456284 7001_ $$aHügenell, Philipp$$b3
000456284 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1008105$$aSchökel, Alexander$$b4
000456284 7001_ $$aMontoya Isaza, Sebastian$$b5
000456284 7001_ $$aFink, Felix$$b6
000456284 7001_ $$aElsässer, Patrick$$b7
000456284 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1015689$$aFischer, Anna$$b8$$eCorresponding author
000456284 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2916551-9$$a10.1021/acsaem.0c01489$$gVol. 3, no. 12, p. 11627 - 11640$$n12$$p11627 - 11640$$tACS applied energy materials$$v3$$x2574-0962$$y2020
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