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@ARTICLE{Barranco:454007,
      author       = {Barranco, Angel and Lopez-Santos, Maria C. and Idigoras,
                      Jesus and Aparicio, Francisco J. and Obrero-Perez, Jose and
                      Lopez-Flores, Victor and Contreras-Bernal, Lidia and Rico,
                      Victor and Ferrer, Javier and Espinos, Juan P. and Borras,
                      Ana and Anta, Juan A. and Sanchez-Valencia, Juan Ramon},
      title        = {{E}nhanced {S}tability of {P}erovskite {S}olar {C}ells
                      {I}ncorporating {D}opant‐{F}ree {C}rystalline
                      {S}piro‐{OM}e{TAD} {L}ayers by {V}acuum {S}ublimation},
      journal      = {Advanced energy materials},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1614-6840},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2021-00364},
      pages        = {1901524},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The main handicap still hindering the eventual exploitation
                      of organometal halide perovskite‐based solar cells is
                      their poor stability under prolonged illumination, ambient
                      conditions, and increased temperatures. This article shows
                      for the first time the vacuum processing of the most widely
                      used solid‐state hole conductor (SSHC), i.e., the
                      Spiro‐OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis
                      (N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine)
                      9,9′‐spirobifluorene], and how its dopant‐free
                      crystalline formation unprecedently improves perovskite
                      solar cell (PSC) stability under continuous illumination by
                      about two orders of magnitude with respect to the
                      solution‐processed reference and after annealing in air up
                      to 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the control over the
                      temperature of the samples during the vacuum deposition
                      enhances the crystallinity of the SSHC, obtaining a
                      preferential orientation along the π–π stacking
                      direction. These results may represent a milestone toward
                      the full vacuum processing of hybrid organic halide PSCs as
                      well as light‐emitting diodes, with promising impacts on
                      the development of durable devices. The microstructure,
                      purity, and crystallinity of the vacuum sublimated
                      Spiro‐OMeTAD layers are fully elucidated by applying an
                      unparalleled set of complementary characterization
                      techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray
                      diffraction, grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray
                      scattering and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray
                      scattering, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and
                      Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (POF3-622) / $NFFA-Europe_supported$ -
                      Technically supported by Nanoscience Foundries and Fine
                      Analysis Europe $(2020_Join2-NFFA-Europe_funded)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3 /
                      $G:(DE-HGF)2020_Join2-NFFA-Europe_funded$},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P03-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000493839500001},
      doi          = {10.1002/aenm.201901524},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/454007},
}