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000453988 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1051/swsc/2020010
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000453988 1001_ $$00000-0002-5186-8040$$aFallows, Richard A.$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000453988 245__ $$aA LOFAR observation of ionospheric scintillation from two simultaneous travelling ionospheric disturbances
000453988 260__ $$aLes Ulis$$bEDP Sciences$$c2020
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000453988 520__ $$aThis paper presents the results from one of the first observations of ionospheric scintillation taken using the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). The observation was of the strong natural radio source Cassiopeia A, taken overnight on 18–19 August 2013, and exhibited moderately strong scattering effects in dynamic spectra of intensity received across an observing bandwidth of 10–80 MHz. Delay-Doppler spectra (the 2-D FFT of the dynamic spectrum) from the first hour of observation showed two discrete parabolic arcs, one with a steep curvature and the other shallow, which can be used to provide estimates of the distance to, and velocity of, the scattering plasma. A cross-correlation analysis of data received by the dense array of stations in the LOFAR “core” reveals two different velocities in the scintillation pattern: a primary velocity of ~20–40 ms$^{−1}$ with a north-west to south-east direction, associated with the steep parabolic arc and a scattering altitude in the F-region or higher, and a secondary velocity of ~110 ms$^{−1}$ with a north-east to south-west direction, associated with the shallow arc and a scattering altitude in the D-region. Geomagnetic activity was low in the mid-latitudes at the time, but a weak sub-storm at high latitudes reached its peak at the start of the observation. An analysis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and ionosonde data from the time reveals a larger-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance (TID), possibly the result of the high-latitude activity, travelling in the north-west to south-east direction, and, simultaneously, a smaller-scale TID travelling in a north-east to south-west direction, which could be associated with atmospheric gravity wave activity. The LOFAR observation shows scattering from both TIDs, at different altitudes and propagating in different directions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that such a phenomenon has been reported.
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000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-7527-4757$$aWood, Alan$$b5
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-5308-6894$$aDorrian, Gareth$$b6
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-3086-8455$$aMevius, Maaijke$$b7
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000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-2063-3545$$aMatyjasiak, Barbara$$b9
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-2812-6222$$aKrankowski, Andrzej$$b10
000453988 7001_ $$aAnderson, James M.$$b11
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-4992-8136$$aAsgekar, Ashish$$b12
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-1215-503X$$aAvruch, I. Max$$b13
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-1852-5214$$aBentum, Mark$$b14
000453988 7001_ $$aBisi, Mario M.$$b15
000453988 7001_ $$aButcher, Harvey R.$$b16
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-5037-310X$$aCiardi, Benedetta$$b17
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-4705-7798$$aDabrowski, Bartosz$$b18
000453988 7001_ $$aDamstra, Sieds$$b19
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-4439-2627$$ade Gasperin, Francesco$$b20
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000453988 7001_ $$00000-0001-6496-0252$$aEislöffel, Jochen$$b22
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000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-3362-7996$$aGrießmeier, Jean-Matthias$$b25
000453988 7001_ $$aGunst, André W.$$b26
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000453988 7001_ $$aHörandel, Jörg R.$$b28
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0001-9118-2097$$aIacobelli, Marco$$b29
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000453988 7001_ $$aKoopmans, Leon V. E.$$b31
000453988 7001_ $$aMaat, Peter$$b32
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000453988 7001_ $$aPaas, Harm$$b35
000453988 7001_ $$aPandey, Vishambhar N.$$b36
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000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-2413-0881$$aSchwarz, Dominik J.$$b40
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-6670-652X$$aSerylak, Maciej$$b41
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-1827-0469$$aShulevski, Aleksander$$b42
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0003-1680-7936$$aSmirnov, Oleg M.$$b43
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-1671-9285$$aSoida, Marian$$b44
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0001-6516-7459$$aSteinmetz, Matthias$$b45
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0002-7066-3614$$aThoudam, Satyendra$$b46
000453988 7001_ $$00000-0001-8063-2881$$aToribio, M. Carmen$$b47
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