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@ARTICLE{Uhlemann:453741,
      author       = {Uhlemann, Martin and Madian, Mahmoud and Leones, Rita and
                      Oswald, Steffen and Maletti, Sebastian and Eychmüller,
                      Alexander and Mikhailova, Daria},
      title        = {{I}n-{D}epth {S}tudy of ${L}i_{4}{T}i_{5}{O}_{12}$
                      {P}erforming beyond {C}onventional {O}perating {C}onditions},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {33},
      issn         = {1944-8252},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2021-00132},
      pages        = {37227 - 37238},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are nowadays widely used in
                      many energy storage devices, which have certain requirements
                      on size, weight, and performance. State-of-the-art LIBs
                      operate very reliably and with good performance under
                      restricted and controlled conditions but lack in efficiency
                      and safety when these conditions are exceeded. In this work,
                      the influence of outranging conditions in terms of charging
                      rate and operating temperature on electrochemical
                      characteristics was studied on the example of lithium
                      titanate (Li$_4$Ti$_5$O$_{12}$, LTO) electrodes. Structural
                      processes in the electrode, cycled with ultrafast charge and
                      discharge, were evaluated by operando synchrotron powder
                      diffraction and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. On
                      the basis of the Rietveld refinement, it was shown that the
                      electrochemical storage mechanism is based on the
                      Li-intercalation process at least up to current rates of 5C,
                      meaning full battery charge within 12 min. For applications
                      at temperatures between −30 and 60 °C, four
                      carbonate-based electrolyte systems with different additives
                      were tested for cycling performance in half-cells with LTO
                      and metallic lithium as electrodes. It was shown that the
                      addition of 30 wt \% [PYR$_{14}$][PF$_6$] to the
                      conventional LP30 electrolyte, usually used in LIBs,
                      significantly decreases its melting point, which enables the
                      successful low-temperature application at least down to
                      −30 °C, in contrast to LP30, which freezes below −10
                      °C, making battery operation impossible. Moreover, at
                      elevated temperatures up to 60 °C, batteries with the
                      LP30/[PYR$_{14}$][PF$_6$] electrolyte exhibit stable
                      long-term cycling behavior very close to LP30. Our findings
                      provide a guideline for the application of LTO in LIBs
                      beyond conventional conditions and show how to overcome
                      limitations by designing appropriate electrolytes.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (POF3-622)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P65-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32687305},
      UT           = {WOS:000563074900041},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.0c10576},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/453741},
}