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@ARTICLE{Giese:449657,
      author       = {Giese, Felix and Konstandin, Thomas and van de Vis,
                      Jorinde},
      title        = {{M}odel-independent energy budget of cosmological
                      first-order phase transitions—{A} sound argument to go
                      beyond the bag model},
      journal      = {Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics},
      volume       = {07},
      issn         = {1475-7516},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {IOP},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2020-03913, arXiv:2004.06995. DESY-20-064},
      pages        = {057 (1-19)},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {We study the energy budget of a first-order cosmological
                      phase transition, which is an important factor in the
                      prediction of the resulting gravitational wave spectrum.
                      Formerly, this analysis was based mostly on simplified
                      models as for example the bag equation of state. Here, we
                      present a model-independent approach that is exact up to the
                      temperature dependence of the speed of sound in the broken
                      phase. We find that the only relevant quantities that enter
                      in the hydrodynamic analysis are the speed of sound in the
                      broken phase and a linear combination of the energy and
                      pressure differences between the two phases which we call
                      pseudotrace (normalized to the enthalpy in the broken
                      phase). The pseudotrace quantifies the strength of the phase
                      transition and yields the conventional trace of the
                      energy-momentum tensor for a relativistic plasma (with speed
                      of sound squared of one third). We study this approach in
                      several realistic models of the phase transition and also
                      provide a code snippet that can be used to determine the
                      efficiency coefficient for a given phase transition strength
                      and speed of sound. It turns out that our approach is
                      accurate to the percent level for moderately strong phase
                      transitions, while former approaches give at best the right
                      order of magnitude.},
      keywords     = {velocity: acoustic (INSPIRE) / gravitational radiation:
                      spectrum (INSPIRE) / gravitational radiation: emission
                      (INSPIRE) / tensor: energy-momentum (INSPIRE) / plasma:
                      relativistic (INSPIRE) / critical phenomena (INSPIRE) /
                      temperature dependence (INSPIRE) / equation of state
                      (INSPIRE) / bag model (INSPIRE) / numerical calculations
                      (INSPIRE) / energy: kinetic (INSPIRE) / bubble (INSPIRE) /
                      hydrodynamics (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {T},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)T-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF3-611) / EXC
                      2121 - Das Quantisierte Universum (390833306)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390833306},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2004.06995},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2004.06995},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2004.06995;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:000609085900004},
      doi          = {10.1088/1475-7516/2020/07/057},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/449657},
}