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@ARTICLE{Vogel:441221,
      author       = {Vogel, Christian and Hoffmann, Marie C. and Krüger, Oliver
                      and Murzin, Vadim and Caliebe, Wolfgang and Adam, Christian},
      title        = {{C}hromium ({VI}) in phosphorus fertilizers determined with
                      the diffusive gradients in thin-films ({DGT}) technique},
      journal      = {Environmental science and pollution research},
      volume       = {27},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {1614-7499},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2020-02388},
      pages        = {24320 - 24328},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Phosphorus (P) fertilizers from secondary resources became
                      increasingly important in the last years. However, these
                      novel P-fertilizers can also contain toxic pollutants such
                      as chromium in its hexavalent state (Cr(VI)). This hazardous
                      form of chromium is therefore regulated with low limit
                      values for agricultural products even though the correct
                      determination of Cr(VI) in these fertilizers may be hampered
                      by redox processes, leading to false results. Thus, we
                      applied the novel diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)
                      technique for Cr(VI) in fertilizers and compared the results
                      with the standard wet chemical extraction method (German
                      norm DIN EN 15192) and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge
                      structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We determined an overall
                      good correlation between the wet chemical extraction and the
                      DGT method. DGT was very sensitive and for most tested
                      materials selective for the analysis of Cr(VI) in
                      P-fertilizers. However, hardly soluble Cr(VI) compounds
                      cannot be detected with the DGT method since only mobile
                      Cr(VI) is analyzed. Furthermore, Cr K-edge XANES
                      spectroscopy showed that the DGT binding layer also adsorbs
                      small amounts of mobile Cr(III) so that Cr(VI) values are
                      overestimated. Since certain types of the P-fertilizers
                      contain mobile Cr(III) or partly immobile Cr(VI), it is
                      necessary to optimize the DGT binding layers to avoid
                      aforementioned over- or underestimation. Furthermore, our
                      investigations showed that the Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy
                      technique is unsuitable to determine small amounts of Cr(VI)
                      in fertilizers (below approx. $1\%$ of Cr(VI) in relation to
                      total Cr).},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / FS-PET-S},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PET-S-20190712},
      pnm          = {6215 - Soft Matter, Health and Life Sciences (POF3-621) /
                      6G3 - PETRA III (POF3-622)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6215 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P64-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32306248},
      UT           = {WOS:000527505000017},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11356-020-08761-w},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/441221},
}