TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tröger, Daniel
AU  - Beutel, Rolf Georg
AU  - Pohl, Hans
TI  - The abdomen of a free‐living female of Strepsiptera and the evolution of the birth organs
JO  - Journal of morphology
VL  - 280
IS  - 5
SN  - 0022-2887
CY  - Malden, Mass. [u.a.]
PB  - Wiley
M1  - PUBDB-2019-05182
SP  - 739 - 755
PY  - 2019
N1  - © Wiley Periodicals, Inc; Post referee fulltext in progress 2; Embargo 12 months from publication
AB  - Mengenillidae is a small, basal family of Strepsiptera, mainly characterized by free-living females in contrast to the endoparasitic females of Stylopidia. Here, we describe external and internal structures of the female abdomen of Eoxenos laboulbenei (Mengenillidae). The external morphol- ogy was examined and documented using microphotography. Internal structures were reconstructed three-dimensionally using a μCT-data set. The morphologically simplified abdo- men comprises 10 segments. The integument is weakly sclerotized and flexible. Spiracles are present dorsolaterally on segments I–VII. Segment VII bears the posteroventral birth opening and the small abdominal segment X carries the anus at its apex. Numerous eggs float freely in the hemolymph. The musculature of segments I–IV is composed of ventral and dorsal longitudinal muscle bundles, strongly developed paramedial dorsoventral muscles and a complex meshwork of small pleural muscles, with minimal differences between the segments. Segments V–X contain more than 50 individual muscles, even though the musculature as a whole is weakly developed. Even though it is not involved in processing food, the digestive tract is well-developed. Its pos- tabdominal section comprises a part of the midgut and the short hindgut. The midgut fills a large part of the postabdominal lumen. The lumina of the midgut and hindgut are not connected. Five or six nodular Malpighian tubules open into the digestive tract at the border region between the midgut and hindgut. The birth organ below the midgut releases the primary larvae after hatching via the birth opening at segment VII. It is likely derived from primary female genital ducts. The presence of six additional birth organs of segments I–VI are de novo formations and a groundplan apomorphy of Stylopidia, the large strepsipteran subgroup with endoparasitic females. The loss of the primary birth organ of segment VII is an apomorphy of Stylopiformia (Stylopidia excl. Corioxenidae).
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:30892750
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000466400700010
DO  - DOI:10.1002/jmor.20981
UR  - https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/429662
ER  -