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@ARTICLE{Cizmar:402306,
      author       = {Cizmar, Tihana and Lavrencic Stangar, Urska and Fanetti,
                      Mattia and Arcon, Iztok},
      title        = {{E}ffects of different {C}u loadings on photocatalytic
                      activity of ${T}i{O}_{2}-{S}i{O}_{2}$ prepared at low
                      temperature oxidation of organic pollutants in water},
      journal      = {ChemCatChem},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1867-3880},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {WILEY-VCH Verlag},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2018-01794},
      pages        = {2982-2993},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The objective of this research is to examine how copper
                      modification can improve the photocatalytic activity of
                      TiO2-SiO2, and to explain the correlation between Cu
                      concentration and chemical state of Cu cations in the
                      TiO2-SiO2 matrix, and the photocatalytic activity under the
                      UV/solar irradiation. The Cu-modified TiO2-SiO2
                      photocatalysts were prepared by a low temperature sol-gel
                      method based on organic copper, silicon and titanium
                      precursors with varied Cu concentrations (from 0.05 to 3
                      $mol\%).$ The sol-gels were dried at 150 °C to obtain the
                      photocatalysts in the powder form. The photocatalytic
                      activity was determined by a fluorescence-based method of
                      terephthalic acid decomposition. Up to three times increase
                      in photocatalytic activity is obtained when TiO2-SiO2 matrix
                      is modified with Cu in a narrow concentration range from
                      0.05 to 0.1 $mol\%.$ At higher Cu loadings the
                      photocatalytic activity of Cu modified photocatalyst is
                      smaller than in the unmodified reference TiO2-SiO2
                      photocatalyst. XRD analysis shows that all Cu modified
                      TiO2-SiO2 composites with different Cu concentrations have
                      the same crystalline structure as unmodified TiO2-SiO2
                      composites. The addition of Cu does not change the relative
                      ratio between anatase and brookite phase or unit cell
                      parameters of the two TiO2 crystalline structures. The Cu
                      K-edge XANES and EXAFS analysis is used to determine valence
                      state and local structure of Cu cations in Cu-modified
                      TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst. The results elucidate the mechanism
                      responsible for the improved photocatalytic activity. In the
                      samples with low Cu content, which exhibit largest activity,
                      Cu-O-Ti connections are formed, suggesting that the activity
                      enhancement is due to Cu(II) cations attachment on the
                      surface of the photocatalytically active TiO2 nanoparticles,
                      so Cu(II) cations may act as free electron traps, reducing
                      the intensity of recombination between electrons and holes
                      at the TiO2 photocatalyst’s surface. At higher Cu loadings
                      no additional Cu-O-Ti connections are formed, instead only
                      Cu-O-Cu connections are established, indicating the
                      formation of amorphous or nanocrystalline Cu oxide, which
                      hinders the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.},
      cin          = {DOOR},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (POF3-622) / FS-Proposal: I-20160044 EC
                      (I-20160044-EC)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20160044-EC},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P65-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000439756600008},
      doi          = {10.1002/cctc.201800249},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/402306},
}