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@ARTICLE{Rudenko:323844,
      author       = {Rudenko, A. and Inhester, L. and Hanasaki, K. and Li, X.
                      and Robatjazi, S. J. and Erk, B. and Boll, R. and Toyota, K.
                      and Hao, Y. and Vendrell, O. and Bomme, C. and Savelyev, E.
                      and Rudek, B. and Foucar, L. and Southworth, S. H. and
                      Lehmann, C. S. and Kraessig, B. and Marchenko, T. and Simon,
                      M. and Ueda, K. and Ferguson, K. R. and Bucher, M. and
                      Gorkhover, T. and Carron, S. and Alonso-Mori, R. and Koglin,
                      J. E. and Correa, J. and Williams, G. J. and Boutet, S. and
                      Young, L. and Bostedt, C. and Son, S.-K. and Santra, R. and
                      Rolles, D.},
      title        = {{F}emtosecond response of polyatomic molecules to
                      ultra-intense hard {X}-rays},
      journal      = {Nature},
      volume       = {546},
      number       = {7656},
      issn         = {1476-4687},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2017-04151},
      pages        = {129 - 132},
      year         = {2017},
      note         = {© Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature ;
                      Post referee fulltext in progress; Embargo 6 months from
                      publication},
      abstract     = {X-ray free-electron lasers enable the investigation of the
                      structure and dynamics of diverse systems, including atoms,
                      molecules, nanocrystals and single bioparticles, under
                      extreme conditions1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Many imaging
                      applications that target biological systems and complex
                      materials use hard X-ray pulses with extremely high peak
                      intensities (exceeding 1020 watts per square centimetre)3,
                      5. However, fundamental investigations have focused mainly
                      on the individual response of atoms and small molecules
                      using soft X-rays with much lower intensities8, 9, 10, 11,
                      12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Studies with intense X-ray pulses
                      have shown that irradiated atoms reach a very high degree of
                      ionization, owing to multiphoton absorption8, 12, 13, 18,
                      which in a heteronuclear molecular system occurs
                      predominantly locally on a heavy atom (provided that the
                      absorption cross-section of the heavy atom is considerably
                      larger than those of its neighbours) and is followed by
                      efficient redistribution of the induced charge14, 15, 16,
                      17, 19, 20. In serial femtosecond crystallography of
                      biological objects—an application of X-ray free-electron
                      lasers that greatly enhances our ability to determine
                      protein structure2, 3—the ionization of heavy atoms
                      increases the local radiation damage that is seen in the
                      diffraction patterns of these objects21, 22 and has been
                      suggested as a way of phasing the diffraction data23, 24. On
                      the basis of experiments using either soft or less-intense
                      hard X-rays14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25, it is thought that
                      the induced charge and associated radiation damage of atoms
                      in polyatomic molecules can be inferred from the charge that
                      is induced in an isolated atom under otherwise comparable
                      irradiation conditions. Here we show that the femtosecond
                      response of small polyatomic molecules that contain one
                      heavy atom to ultra-intense (with intensities approaching
                      1020 watts per square centimetre), hard (with photon
                      energies of 8.3 kiloelectronvolts) X-ray pulses is
                      qualitatively different: our experimental and modelling
                      results establish that, under these conditions, the
                      ionization of a molecule is considerably enhanced compared
                      to that of an individual heavy atom with the same absorption
                      cross-section. This enhancement is driven by ultrafast
                      charge transfer within the molecule, which refills the core
                      holes that are created in the heavy atom, providing further
                      targets for inner-shell ionization and resulting in the
                      emission of more than 50 electrons during the X-ray pulse.
                      Our results demonstrate that efficient modelling of
                      X-ray-driven processes in complex systems at ultrahigh
                      intensities is feasible.},
      cin          = {FS-SCS / FS-FLASH-O / FS-CFEL-3 / CFEL-DESYT / MPG /
                      CFEL-DRD},
      ddc          = {070},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-SCS-20131031 / I:(DE-H253)FS-FLASH-O-20160930
                      / I:(DE-H253)FS-CFEL-3-20120731 /
                      I:(DE-H253)CFEL-DESYT-20160930 / I:(DE-H253)MPG-20120806 /
                      I:(DE-H253)CFEL-DRD-20160910},
      pnm          = {6211 - Extreme States of Matter: From Cold Ions to Hot
                      Plasmas (POF3-621)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6211},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000402372800041},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28569799},
      doi          = {10.1038/nature22373},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/323844},
}