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@ARTICLE{Aaboud:318603,
      author       = {Aaboud, Morad and others},
      collaboration = {{ATLAS Collaboration}},
      othercontributors = {Tong, Baojia},
      title        = {{E}vidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion
                      collisions with the {ATLAS} detector at the {LHC}},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2017-01285, CERN-EP-2016-316. arXiv:1702.01625},
      year         = {2017},
      note         = {Published online},
      abstract     = {Light-by-light scattering
                      ($\gamma\gamma\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$) is a
                      quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the
                      classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is
                      accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large
                      electromagnetic field strengths generated by
                      ultra-relativistic colliding lead (Pb) ions. Using 480
                      $\mu$b$^{-1}$ of Pb+Pb collision data recorded at a
                      centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the
                      ATLAS detector, the ATLAS Collaboration reports evidence for
                      the $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ reaction. A total
                      of 13 candidate events are observed with an expected
                      background of 2.6$\pm$0.7 events. After background
                      subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross
                      section of the process
                      $\textrm{Pb+Pb}\,(\gamma\gamma)\rightarrow
                      \textrm{Pb}^{(\ast)}\textrm{+}\textrm{Pb}^{(\ast)}\,\gamma\gamma$,
                      for photon transverse energy $E_{\mathrm{T}}>$3 GeV, photon
                      absolute pseudorapidity $|\eta|<$2.4, diphoton invariant
                      mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower
                      than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured
                      to be 70 $\pm$ 24 (stat.) $\pm$ 17 (syst.) nb, which is in
                      agreement with Standard Model predictions.},
      keywords     = {photon photon: scattering (INSPIRE) / electromagnetic
                      field: high (INSPIRE) / photon: transverse energy (INSPIRE)
                      / heavy ion: scattering (INSPIRE) / lead (INSPIRE) / mass
                      spectrum: two-photon (INSPIRE) / mass spectrum: (2photon)
                      (INSPIRE) / ATLAS (INSPIRE) / CERN LHC Coll (INSPIRE) /
                      background (INSPIRE) / photon: transverse momentum (INSPIRE)
                      / quantum mechanics (INSPIRE) / field strength (INSPIRE) /
                      planarity (INSPIRE) / photon: rapidity (INSPIRE) / channel
                      cross section: measured (INSPIRE) / experimental results
                      (INSPIRE) / 5020 GeV-cms/nucleon (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {ATLAS},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)ATLAS-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF3-611)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-611},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)LHC-Exp-ATLAS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25 / PUB:(DE-HGF)29},
      eprint       = {1702.01625},
      howpublished = {arXiv:1702.01625},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:1702.01625;\%\%$},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/318603},
}