TY  - CHAP
AU  - Kirian, Richard
AU  - Chapman, Henry N.
A3  - Khan, Shaukat
A3  - Schneider, Jochen R.
A3  - Hastings, Jerome B.
A3  - Jaeschke, Eberhard
TI  - Imaging of Objects by Coherent Diffraction of X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Pulses
CY  - Heidelberg
PB  - Springer International Publishing
M1  - PUBDB-2016-00802
SP  - 1-55
PY  - 2016
N1  - (c) Springer International Publishing. Post referee full text in progress. Embargo for full text 1 year from 23 January 2016.
AB  - X-ray free-electron lasers produce pulses of coherent X-rays that are up to nine orders of magnitude higher in peak brightness than the brightest synchrotron sources. These pulses vaporize any object placed in the focused beam, yet are brief enough to diffract from the object before significant radiation damage occurs. This process of “diffraction before destruction” overcomes previous exposure and dose limitations when imaging biological structures, which allow atomic-resolution structures to be determined from macromolecules without the need for large, strongly diffracting crystals that are difficult or impossible to grow. The extreme pulse intensity has allowed protein crystal sizes to be shrunk down to dimensions of hundreds of nanometers, expanding the range of structures that can be studied, potentially increasing the rate at which new structures can be determined, and allowing the tracking of conformational dynamics down to femtosecond timescales. Efforts are ongoing to reduce this all the way to the single molecule, opening up possibilities for robust phasing procedures to acquire model-free structures directly from the measurements. The new science of coherent diffractive imaging would be well understood by the Braggs and Laue but makes use of recent theoretical insights, modern computational capabilities, and the laser-like X-ray sources of the twenty-first century.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)7
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:00
DO  - DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_27-2
UR  - https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/293812
ER  -