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@ARTICLE{Ackermann:207217,
      author       = {Ackermann, Markus and Ajello, M. and Albert, A. and
                      Allafort, A. and Baldini, L. and Barbiellini, G. and
                      Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and
                      Bissaldi, E. and Bonamente, E. and Bottacini, E. and
                      Bouvier, A. and Brandt, T. J. and Bregeon, J. and Brigida,
                      M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and
                      Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and
                      Cecchi, C. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Chen, Q.
                      and Chiang, J. and Chiaro, G. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R.
                      and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and
                      D'Ammando, F. and de Angelis, A. and de Palma, F. and
                      Dermer, C. D. and Desiante, R. and Digel, S. W. and Di
                      Venere, L. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and
                      Drlica-Wagner, A. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and
                      Focke, W. B. and Franckowiak, A. and Fukazawa, Y. and Funk,
                      S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and
                      Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and
                      Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier,
                      I. A. and Grove, J. E. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and
                      Hayashida, M. and Hays, E. and Horan, D. and Hughes, R. E.
                      and Inoue, Y. and Jackson, M. S. and Jogler, T. and
                      Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, W. N. and Kamae, T. and
                      Kawano, T. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J.
                      and Larsson, S. and Latronico, L. and Lemoine-Goumard, M.
                      and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette,
                      M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Mayer, M. and Mazziotta, M. N. and
                      McEnery, J. E. and Michelson, P. F. and Mizuno, T. and
                      Moiseev, A. A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Moretti,
                      E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and
                      Murphy, R. and Nemmen, R. and Nuss, E. and Ohno, M. and
                      Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Omodei, N. and Orienti, M.
                      and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J. F. and Paneque, D. and
                      Panetta, J. H. and Perkins, J. S. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and
                      Petrosian, V. and Piron, F. and Pivato, G. and Porter, T. A.
                      and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Reimer, A.
                      and Reimer, O. and Ritz, S. and Schulz, A. and Sgrò, C. and
                      Siskind, E. J. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and
                      Takahashi, H. and Takeuchi, Y. and Tanaka, Y. and Thayer, J.
                      G. and Thayer, J. B. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibaldo, L. and
                      Tinivella, M. and Tosti, G. and Troja, E. and Tronconi, V.
                      and Usher, T. L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and
                      Vianello, G. and Vitale, V. and Werner, M. and Winer, B. L.
                      and Wood, D. L. and Wood, K. S. and Wood, M. and Yang, Z.},
      title        = {{H}igh-{E}nergy {G}amma-{R}ay {E}mission from {S}olar
                      {F}lares: {S}ummary of {FERMI} {L}arge {A}rea {T}elescope
                      {D}etections and {A}nalysis of {T}wo {M}-{C}lass {F}lares},
      journal      = {The astrophysical journal},
      volume       = {787},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1538-4357},
      address      = {Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Univ.11032},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2015-01200},
      pages        = {15},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {(c) The American Astronomical Society},
      abstract     = {We present the detections of 18 solar flares detected in
                      high-energy $\gamma$-rays (above 100 MeV) with the Fermi
                      Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first 4 yr of
                      operation. This work suggests that particle acceleration up
                      to very high energies in solar flares is more common than
                      previously thought, occurring even in modest flares, and for
                      longer durations. Interestingly, all these flares are
                      associated with fairly fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
                      We then describe the detailed temporal, spatial, and
                      spectral characteristics of the first two long-lasting
                      events: the 2011 March 7 flare, a moderate (M3.7) impulsive
                      flare followed by slowly varying $\gamma$-ray emission over
                      13 hr, and the 2011 June 7 M2.5 flare, which was followed by
                      $\gamma$-ray emission lasting for 2 hr. We compare the Fermi
                      LAT data with X-ray and proton data measurements from GOES
                      and RHESSI. We argue that the $\gamma$-rays are more likely
                      produced through pion decay than electron bremsstrahlung,
                      and we find that the energy spectrum of the proton
                      distribution softens during the extended emission of the
                      2011 March 7 flare. This would disfavor a trapping scenario
                      for particles accelerated during the impulsive phase of the
                      flare and point to a continuous acceleration process at play
                      for the duration of the flares. CME shocks are known for
                      accelerating the solar energetic particles (SEPs) observed
                      in situ on similar timescales, but it might be challenging
                      to explain the production of $\gamma$-rays at the surface of
                      the Sun while the CME is halfway to the Earth. A stochastic
                      turbulence acceleration process occurring in the solar
                      corona is another likely scenario. Detailed comparison of
                      characteristics of SEPs and $\gamma$-ray-emitting particles
                      for several flares will be helpful to distinguish between
                      these two possibilities.},
      cin          = {ZEU-CTA / ZEU-HESS / ZEU-ICE},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)ZEU-CTA-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)ZEU-HESS-20140213
                      / I:(DE-H253)ZEU-ICE-20160806},
      pnm          = {523 - High-energy gamma ray astronomy (POF2-523) / P-WIND -
                      New light on the gamma-ray sky: unveiling cosmic-ray
                      accelerators in the Milky Way and their relation to pulsar
                      wind nebulae (259391)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-523 / G:(EU-Grant)259391},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000335924200015},
      doi          = {10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/15},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/207217},
}